Ultraviolet photoprotective compounds from cyanobacteria in biomedical applications

Soule, Tanya; García-Pichel, Ferrán

doi:10.1002/9781118402238.ch8

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 152 publications

(182 reference statements)

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“…Scytonemin has also received attention for its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, acting as an inhibitor of human polo -like kinase 1 ( Stevenson et al, 2002 ; Zhang et al, 2013 ). The increasing interest of the scytonemin use for pharmaceutical applications ( Soule and Garcia-Pichel, 2014 ; Rastogi et al, 2015 ), might lead to a higher demand of this pigment. Thus, a better understanding of its biological synthetic pathway will be essential for future heterologous expression with an eye on biotechnological production, e.g., in Escherichia coli ( Malla and Sommer, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutational Studies of Putative Biosynthetic Genes for the Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133

Ferreira

García-Pichel

2016

Front. Microbiol.

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The heterocyclic indole-alkaloid scytonemin is a sunscreen found exclusively among cyanobacteria. An 18-gene cluster is responsible for scytonemin production in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133. The upstream genes scyABCDEF in the cluster are proposed to be responsible for scytonemin biosynthesis from aromatic amino acid substrates. In vitro studies of ScyA, ScyB, and ScyC proved that these enzymes indeed catalyze initial pathway reactions. Here we characterize the role of ScyD, ScyE, and ScyF, which were logically predicted to be responsible for late biosynthetic steps, in the biological context of N. punctiforme. In-frame deletion mutants of each were constructed (ΔscyD, ΔscyE, and ΔscyF) and their phenotypes studied. Expectedly, ΔscyE presents a scytoneminless phenotype, but no accumulation of the predicted intermediaries. Surprisingly, ΔscyD retains scytonemin production, implying that it is not required for biosynthesis. Indeed, scyD presents an interesting evolutionary paradox: it likely originated in a duplication event from scyE, and unlike other genes in the operon, it has not been subjected to purifying selection. This would suggest that it is a pseudogene, and yet scyD is highly conserved in the scytonemin operon of cyanobacteria. ΔscyF also retains scytonemin production, albeit exhibiting a reduction of the production yield compared with the wild-type. This indicates that ScyF is not essential but may play an adjuvant role for scytonemin synthesis. Altogether, our findings suggest that these downstream genes are not responsible, as expected, for the late steps of scytonemin synthesis and we must look for those functions elsewhere. These findings are particularly important for biotechnological production of this sunscreen through heterologous expression of its genes in more tractable organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutational Studies of Putative Biosynthetic Genes for the Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133

Ferreira

García-Pichel

2016

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Biosynthesis of sun-screening compounds such as scytonemin is an important strategy for counteracting with harmful UV radiation as it has capacity of shielding cells from the damaging hitting photons [6]. New findings have revealed important information related to structure, genetics, biosynthesis and potential application of scytonemin as sunscreen [29][30][31][32] Scytonemin is extraordinary cyanobacterial secondary metabolite having remarkable stability, possess extraordinary photo-protection and have unique chemical [14,[33][34]. In silico molecular docking studies of dimethoxyscytonemin with human PLK-1 was performed for accessing anticancerous property of this form of scytonemin targeting PLK-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico study on interaction between human polo-like kinase 1 and cyanobacterial sheath pigment scytonemin by molecular docking approach

2019

Biointerface Res Appl Chem

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Cancer is one of the major causes of death throughout the globe. It is expected that the number of new reports with cancer cases will reach twenty two million in the coming two decades. Africa, Central and South America and Asia will have more than 60 percent of the world’s new cancer reports and 70 percent of the world’s deaths from cancer will be contributed by these continents. Hence, drug discovery for treatment of cancer is the most worked area of this century. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) is highly expressed in human tumors and is important target of anti-cancerous drugs owing to its role in cell cycle events. It is crucial in maintenance of stability of genome and during different stages of mitosis. Scytonemin is a lipid-soluble and yellow-brown pigment exclusively synthesized by several cyanobacterial species in response to ultraviolet-A radiation. It functions as a photoprotective compound and can act as non-competitive and competitive inhibitor of PLK-1. Other kinases such as Myt1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B, checkpoint kinase 1 and protein kinase C are also inhibited by scytonemin. In the present study, molecular docking approach has been employed for positioning the inhibitor (dimethoxyscytonemin) into the active site of PLK-1 for determining the most probable binding mode. Based on the docking studies, the models which are developed could be utilized for understanding the structure-activity relationships of the scytonemins and for the prescreening and designing of novel inhibitors of PLK-1.

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“…TM , mycosporines encapsulated into liposomes reduce lipid peroxidation on human skin and improve skin firmness and smoothness, supporting its ability to protect against premature skin ageing (Soule & Garcia-Pichel, 2014). Also, MAAs used in Helionori TM (mycosporine-palythine, porphyra-334 and shinorine) were shown to be photostable and heat-stable, with the ability to reduce sunburn and preserve membrane lipids when used at concentrations of 1-4% (Soule & Garcia-Pichel, 2014).…”

Section: Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (Maas)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Also, MAAs used in Helionori TM (mycosporine-palythine, porphyra-334 and shinorine) were shown to be photostable and heat-stable, with the ability to reduce sunburn and preserve membrane lipids when used at concentrations of 1-4% (Soule & Garcia-Pichel, 2014).…”

Section: Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (Maas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial metabolites as a source of sunscreens and moisturizers: a comparison with current synthetic compounds

Derikvand

Llewellyn

Purton

2016

European Journal of Phycology

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Ultraviolet photoprotective compounds from cyanobacteria in biomedical applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 152 publications

Mutational Studies of Putative Biosynthetic Genes for the Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133

Mutational Studies of Putative Biosynthetic Genes for the Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133

In silico study on interaction between human polo-like kinase 1 and cyanobacterial sheath pigment scytonemin by molecular docking approach

Cyanobacterial metabolites as a source of sunscreens and moisturizers: a comparison with current synthetic compounds

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