UN Troop Deployment and Preventing Violence Against Civilians in Darfur

Phayal, Anup

doi:10.1080/03050629.2019.1593161

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Their study focuses on the local variation in eastern DRC with regards to the presence (as well as the number and type) of peacekeepers and the occurrence of political violence in the form of fighting and violence against civilians as coded by the EDACS (Chojnacki et al 2012). Although this finding contradicts the work by Costalli (2014), who concludes that UN troops failed to effectively reduce violence during the Bosnian war, it is largely in line with other recent studies of the local effects of peacekeeping (Cil et al 2019;Di Salvatore 2018;Fjelde et al 2019;Phayal 2019;Phayal and Prins 2019;Ruggeri et al 2017). While these have variying ideas about when and how peacekeeping works at the local level, most recent studies have identified a violence-reducing effect of UN peacekeeping.…”

Section: What Do We Know By Now?mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…These findings can be compared to Phayal (2019), who finds that while the deployment size has a negative effect on civilian fatalities, the military spending of the troop contributing country does not seem to have an effect on violence reduction. According to the author, this indicates that peacekeepers do not necessarily need higher military capacity, or force, to reduce one-sided violence, this can also be done through monitoring, verification and reporting.…”

Section: Types Of Peacekeepersmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Although worth mentioning, this is something that Peitz and Reisch do not address in their article. In the case of Darfur, peacekeepers seem to have effectively reduced one-sided violence perpetrated by both government and rebel actors (Phayal 2019). Interestingly, in studies covering larger sets of cases, there seems to be strong indication that UN peacekeeping is more effective in reducing rebel-perpetrated civilian targeting (Fjelde et al 2019;Phayal and Prins 2019).…”

Section: Types Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

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“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”

Hultman

Tidblad-Lundholm

2019

Z Friedens und Konflforsch

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The article "Violence reduction or relocation? Effects of United Nations troops presence on local levels of violence" by Laura Peitz and Gregor Reisch is one of several recent articles that explore the local effects of peacekeeping deployments. We provide an overview of accumulated knowledge and conflicting findings, and identify a few remaining gaps in the literature. The finding that more peacekeepers are better at reducing violence has been replicated by several studies, although a few studies have identified conditional effects. Taken together, studies find that peacekeepers can reduce both violence between armed actors and violence against civilians. While Peitz and Reisch do not make a distinction between different perpetrators, previous work suggest that peacekeepers are better at reducing violence against civilians by non-state actors. Peitz and Reisch are thus far one of the few studies that explores the impact of the type of peacekeepers-although the findings are ambiguous. Lastly, there is a tension in the literature between Peitz and Reisch, who claim that peacekeepers diffuse violence to nearby location, and other studies that find no such relocation effect, or even the opposite. Future work should continue to explore the local effects of peacekeeping, directing attention to questions about types of peacekeepers, local conditions as enabling factors, the role of military capabilities (as opposed to capacity), and actions taken on the ground.

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Section: What Do We Know By Now?mentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Types Of Peacekeepersmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Types Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

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“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”

Hultman

Tidblad-Lundholm

2019

Z Friedens und Konflforsch

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“…This body of work finds, on average, that peacekeepers are effective. 4 They can help reduce the length of conflict ( Ruggeri, Dorussen, and Gizelis 2017 ), diminish violent protests and riots ( Smidt 2020a ), reduce communal violence among civilians and by armed groups ( Smidt 2020b ), and reduce civilian deaths under various circumstances ( Fjelde, Hultman, and Nilsson 2019 ;Phayal 2019 ;Cil et al 2020 ;Di Salvatore 2020 ;Hunnicutt and Nomikos 2020 ;Phayal and Prins 2020 ).…”

Section: Prior Scholarship On Local-level Peacekeeping Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Peacekeeping is Local: Measuring Subnational Variation in Peacekeeping Effectiveness

Reeder

Hendricks

Goldring

2022

International Studies Quarterly

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Understanding whether peacekeepers reduce fatalities at the local level is an important question. We can have increased confidence in peacekeepers’ capabilities by testing whether deaths decrease in the locations where peacekeepers are present. However, commonly used modeling techniques cannot easily test peacekeepers’ local effectiveness. Coefficients from methods such as linear regression, logit, and count models provide average estimates of peacekeepers’ effects on violence. We argue that a solution lies in geographically weighted regression (GWR). GWR can more clearly reveal subnational spatial heterogeneity in peacekeepers’ (in)effectiveness at reducing violence. We conduct an illustrative test of our argument using data on the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 2001 and 2014 and replicate an existing study to show that GWR can also help resolve seemingly contradictory findings of whether peacekeepers are better at reducing violence by government or rebel actors. The article contains important implications for how scholars can more accurately measure peacekeeping effectiveness.

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“…Do peacekeepers protect by reducing violence against civilians and combatants in the midst of war? To date, more than a dozen quantitative studies have examined the effect of peacekeeping and outside interventions in protecting civilians, and the answer is yes (Costalli 2013;Carnegie and Mikulaschek 2018;Di Salvatore 2018;Fjelde, Hultman and Nilsson 2018;Hultman, Kathman and Shannon 2013;Kathman and Wood 2011;Kathman and Wood 2016;Bove and Ruggeri 2016;Kirschner & Miller 2019;Melander 2009;Phayal 2019;Phayal and Prins 2019). 3 These studies examine somewhat distinct sets of cases and time periods, and measure key variables slightly differently.…”

Section: Reducing Civilian and Combatant Killing In Civil Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace

Walter

Howard

Fortna

2020

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

100

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Numerous empirical studies have examined the role of third-party peacekeeping in reducing violence around the world. Their results reveal an extraordinary relationship between peacekeepers and peace, notwithstanding a number of well-known problems. This review article has three goals. The first is to summarize the results of past empirical research to move the debate beyond the question of whether peacekeeping works to the more pressing questions of how, when and why it works. The second is to reveal the limitations of the current quantitative research in order to identify areas in which scholars can make big, new contributions to the field. The final goal is to propose a new research agenda that is heavily evaluative – one that informs policy makers about the specific practices, mission compositions, and mandates that work, and identifies the local, regional, and international conditions that amplify or diminish peacekeeping's effectiveness. This type of research could help reduce the costs of peacekeeping operations, eliminate some of the negative consequences of interventions and save even more lives.

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UN Troop Deployment and Preventing Violence Against Civilians in Darfur

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”

“What Do We Really Know about Local Peacekeeping Effects?”

All Peacekeeping is Local: Measuring Subnational Variation in Peacekeeping Effectiveness

The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace

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