Una revisión sistemática acerca del reconocimiento facial de las emociones en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: una perspectiva evolutiva y de género

Abstract

La correcta identificación de las emociones básicas (alegría, miedo, asco, tristeza, sorpresa e ira) desempeñan un importante papel en las relaciones sociales y conductas ligadas a la propia supervivencia. En la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) la capacidad de reconocimiento emocional podría estar ya alterada en fases iniciales. Por ello, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca del reconocimiento facial en personas con EA, identificando posibles variables moduladoras. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Web of Science y PsycINFO. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión-exclusión se seleccionaron un total de 28 artículos. Las imágenes estáticas fueron los estímulos más utilizados para evaluar el reconocimiento de las emociones básicas, especialmente las fotografías desarrolladas por Paul Ekman y colaboradores. Los resultados de la revisión indican que en las personas con EA generalmente muestran déficit del reconocimiento emocional aunque los datos no son concluyentes, lo que podría estar relacionado con la diversidad de metodologías aplicadas. En relación con las variables evaluadas (sexo y edad) se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de futuras investigaciones que estudien de forma sistemática cómo estos factores pueden modular el reconocimiento emocional en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer. The correct identification of basic emotions (joy, fear, disgust, sadness, surprise and anger) plays an important role in social relationships and behaviors linked to one´s survival. In Alzheimer´s disease (AD) the ability to recognize emotions may already be impaired at early stages of the disease. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review of the literature on facial emotional recognition in people with AD, identifying possible modulating variables. A search in the Web of Science and PsycInfo databases was carried out. After applying the inclusion-exclusion criteria, a total of 28 articles were selected. Static images were the most used stimuli to evaluate the recognition of basic emotions, especially the photographs developed by Paul Ekman and collaborators. Results of the present review indicate the people with AD generally display deficits in emotional recognition although the data are not conclusive, which could be related to the diversity of methodologies applied. In relation to the variables evaluated (sex and age) the need of further research in order to study how these factors could modulate emotional recognition in patients with Alzheimer´s disease is highlighted.

Can the Ability to Recognize Facial Emotions in Individuals With Neurodegenerative Disease be Improved? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…FER ability is mainly related to observation of the eye area, except for the recognition of joy and disgust, which is more related to observation of the mouth area (Guarnera et al, 2017;Schurgin et al, 2014). In AD, in which the recognition of negative facial emotions is impaired (Fernández-Ríos et al, 2021), observation of the eye area is diminished (Ogrocki et al, 2000;Polet et al, 2017Polet et al, , 2021Polet et al, , 2022. However, individuals with AD were able to recognize fear when attention was guided to the eyes (Hot et al, 2013), and FER ability was improved when the emotional salience of the faces was increased (recognition of high intensity emotions) (Phillips et al, 2010), suggesting attentional origin to FER impairment.…”

“…A recent meta-analysis concluded that the FER ability of individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) is preserved for joy recognition and is most reduced for negative emotions such as fear, anger, disgust, and sadness ( Fernández-Ríos et al, 2021 ). The principal cause of FER impairment in AD is dysfunction of the temporoparietal regions ( Cadieux and Greve, 1997 ; Ossenkoppele et al, 2015 ; Teng et al, 2007 ).…”

Algorithms used for facial emotion recognition: a systematic review of the literature

“…It is noteworthy to mention that emotions are effectively analyzed in surveillance, smart homes, computer games, tracking of depressive patients, psychoanalysis (48). It is important to track emotional micro-expressions getting peculiarities such as face movements in space-time from videos (49). It is highlighted the idea that the use of facial recognition can be focused in three areas such as: robotized machines, marketing and safe citizenship (53)(54)(55).…”