“…An especially important arena for ITEs in the past two decades has been quantum mechanics (QM) with applications ranging from quantum estimation and coding theory to quantum entanglement. The catalyst has been an infusion of new ideas from (quantum) information theory [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], functional analysis [ 16 , 17 ], condensed matter theory [ 18 , 19 ], and cosmology [ 20 , 21 ]. On the experimental front, the use of ITEs has been stimulated not only by new high-precision instrumentation [ 22 , 23 ] but also by, e.g., recent advances in stochastic thermodynamics [ 24 , 25 ] or observed violations of Heisenberg’s error-disturbance uncertainty relations [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”