Uncertainty revealed by delayed responses during olfactory matching

Bhowmik, Rajdeep; Pardasani, Meenakshi; Mahajan, Sarang; Bhattacharjee, Anindya S.; Konakamchi, Sasank; Phadnis, Shambhavi; Musthafa, Thasneem; McGowan, Eleanor B.; Srikanth, Priyadharshini; Marathe, Shruti D.; Abraham, Nixon M.

doi:10.1101/2022.09.11.507462

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…This also exhibits the importance of monitoring neurocognitive skills during post-infection periods in a pandemic-struck world. These results display the necessity of developing accurate noninvasive methods, which can precisely quantify cognitive deficits in Long COVID [112,114].…”

Section: Using "Olfaction" To Detect Covid-19 and The Subsequent Sens...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotropic SARS-CoV-2: Causalities and Realities

Pardasani¹,

Abraham²

2023

COVID-19 Pandemic, Mental Health and Neuroscience - New Scenarios for Understanding and Treatment

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Evidences for the dysfunctions of central nervous system (CNS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have accumulated since the beginning of pandemic. The clinical and experimental evidences on viral entry routes to CNS lead to several open questions. While the neurological impairments caused by the virus stay as a reality under Long COVID, dissecting the causality underlying these problems continues to be an intensely studied topic. Extensive reports of olfactory dysfunctions including anosmia, hyposmia, and parosmia due to infections during 2020–2021, led to the hypothesis of virus’ CNS invasion through the olfactory nerve. Some of the investigations using animal models of cellular factors mediating the viral entry also suggest potential neurotropism. Conversely, recent studies proved the absence of viral particles in olfactory sensory neurons and olfactory bulb, hence leading to the deliberation on viral entry route. Here, we summarize the findings on the debated neurotropic characteristics of the virus, including clinical observations and the results from animal models. Further, we emphasize on the need of tracking olfactory and cognitive fitness in the post-COVID-19 era.

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Section: Using "Olfaction" To Detect Covid-19 and The Subsequent Sens...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotropic SARS-CoV-2: Causalities and Realities

Pardasani¹,

Abraham²

2023

COVID-19 Pandemic, Mental Health and Neuroscience - New Scenarios for Understanding and Treatment

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Perceptual learning deficits mediated by somatostatin releasing inhibitory interneurons of olfactory bulb in an early life stress mouse model

Pardasani,

Ramakrishnan,

Mahajan

et al. 2023

Mol Psychiatry

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Early life adversity (ELA) causes aberrant functioning of neural circuits affecting the health of an individual. While ELA-induced behavioural disorders resulting from sensory and cognitive disabilities can be assessed clinically, the neural mechanisms need to be probed using animal models by employing multi-pronged experimental approaches. As ELA can alter sensory perception, we investigated the effect of early weaning on murine olfaction. By implementing go/no-go odour discrimination paradigm, we observed olfactory learning and memory impairments in early life stressed (ELS) male mice. As olfactory bulb (OB) circuitry plays a critical role in odour learning, we studied the plausible changes in the OB of ELS mice. Lowered c-Fos activity in the external plexiform layer and a reduction in the number of dendritic processes of somatostatin-releasing, GABAergic interneurons (SOM-INs) in the ELS mice led us to hypothesise the underlying circuit. We recorded reduced synaptic inhibitory feedback on mitral/tufted (M/T) cells, in the OB slices from ELS mice, explaining the learning deficiency caused by compromised refinement of OB output. The reduction in synaptic inhibition was nullified by the photo-activation of ChR2-expressing SOM-INs in ELS mice. The role of SOM-INs was revealed by learning-dependent refinement of Ca2+dynamics quantified by GCaMP6f signals, which was absent in ELS mice. Further, the causal role of SOM-INs involving circuitry was investigated by optogenetic modulation during the odour discrimination learning. Photo-activating these neurons rescued the ELA-induced learning deficits. Conversely, photo-inhibition caused learning deficiency in control animals, while it completely abolished the learning in ELS mice, confirming the adverse effects mediated by SOM-INs. Our results thus establish the role of specific inhibitory circuit in pre-cortical sensory area in orchestrating ELA-dependent changes.

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Uncertainty revealed by delayed responses during olfactory matching

Cited by 2 publications

References 55 publications

Neurotropic SARS-CoV-2: Causalities and Realities

Neurotropic SARS-CoV-2: Causalities and Realities

Perceptual learning deficits mediated by somatostatin releasing inhibitory interneurons of olfactory bulb in an early life stress mouse model

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