Uncontrolled Thyroid during Pregnancy Alters the Circulative and Exerted Metabolome

Abstract

Normal levels of thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for a normal pregnancy outcome, fetal growth and the normal function of the central nervous system. Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder during pregnancy, is a significant metabolic factor leading to cognitive impairments. It is essential to investigate whether patients with thyroid dysfunction may present an altered circulative and excreted metabolic profile, even after receiving treatment with thyroxine supplements. NMR metabolomics was employed to analyze 90 serum and corresponding colostrum samples. Parallel analyses of the two biological specimens provided a snapshot of the maternal metabolism through the excretive and circulating characteristics of mothers. The metabolomics data were analyzed by performing multivariate statistical, biomarker and pathway analyses. Our results highlight the impact of hypothyroidism on metabolites’ composition during pregnancy and lactation. Thyroid disorder causing metabolite fluctuations may lead to impaired lipid and glucose metabolic pathways as well as aberrant prenatal neurodevelopment, thus posing a background for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome or neurogenerative diseases later in life. This risk applies to not only untreated but also hypothyroid women under replacement therapy since our findings in both biofluids framed a different metabolic phenotype for the latter group, thus emphasizing the need to monitor women adequately after treatment initiation.

Serum metabolomic profiling unveils distinct sex-related metabolic patterns in NAFLD

“…An additional measure of PLS-DA model validity included the extraction of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the ability of the PLS latent variable Tpred to correctly classify the test set. Moreover, by evaluating the area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) statistics, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a marker as low, fair and superior when the area under the ROC (AUROC) curve reached values of 0.5 < AUC < 0.7, 0.7 < AUC < 0.9 and AUC > 0.9, respectively ( 17 ).…”

“…In total, 128 transients were collected with 64 K data points, a relaxation delay of 5 s and an acquisition time of 4 s, Receiver gain was kept constant for all acquisitions. 1 H NMR spectra were referenced at TSP chemical shift (0.00 ppm) and processed with 0.3 exponential line broadening (17). automatic baseline correction and sinc apodization were applied to improve spectra resolution.…”

Maternal Dietary Protein Patterns and Neonatal Anthropometrics: A Prospective Study with Insights from NMR Metabolomics in Amniotic Fluid

“…The area under the ROC (AUROC) was calculated. A perfect discrimination corresponded to an AUROC equal to 1 [ 51 , 52 ].…”