Unconventional Magnetism in Carbon Based Materials

Abstract

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Macroscopic behavior and microscopic magnetic properties of nanocarbon

“…Most known bulk modifications of carbon, as ordered graphite and diamond with negligible concentration of intrinsic defects, exhibit a pronounced diamagnetism [1,2,5]. However, introduction of additional defects has shown that the material acquires FM-like properties, which takes place e.g.…”

“…A broad variety of carbon-based materials attracts attention due to unusual magnetic properties, including ferromagnetic (FM) behavior with evidence for a possibility of a long-range magnetic order [1,2]. Some of them are characterized by FM Curie temperature, T C , lying above the room temperature [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Some of them are characterized by FM Curie temperature, T C , lying above the room temperature [1][2][3][4]. Possible utilization of such materials stretches from spintronics and light magnets in technical devices to applications for biological and medical purposes [1,2].…”

Magnetic properties of carbon nanoparticles

“…This makes them attractive for applications not only in techniques, but in biology and medicine as well, being low-toxic due to vanishing concentrations of metallic elements [1,2]. Generally, residual metallic impurities have been proved to play a negligible role in formation of the observed FM signal [13].…”

“…Generally, residual metallic impurities have been proved to play a negligible role in formation of the observed FM signal [13]. Therefore, the unconventional magnetism of carbon-based materials is associated with intrinsic defects or disorder introduced into an ordered host matrix [1,2], which exhibits only a diamagnetic response as takes place in bulk ordered graphite and diamond [13]. In contrast, intentional incorporation of defects in graphite e. g. by proton irradiation leads to a pronounced ferromagnetism [2,5,6].…”