Underprotected Marine Protected Areas in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot

Claudet, Joachim; Loiseau, Charles; Sostres, Marta; Zupan, Mirta

doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.03.008

Cited by 131 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The data on taxation therefore supports the relevance of the natural experiment in the context of the study, given that taxation is a reflection of societal norms in terms of regulating negative externalities such as those in the area of the environment. Similar ideas and results were also reported for the natural experiment or border effect that exists in the Mediterranean Basin for marine protected areas in Claudet et al. (2020) .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Soft and hard aspects of green behaviour: A firm-level study of the pollution haven hypothesis in the Mediterranean Basin

Jensen

2021

Heliyon

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The paper tests the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of three economies on the borders of the European Union in the Mediterranean Basin: Greece, Italy, and Turkey. Large differences in soft and hard aspects of green behaviour are revealed. Multinational firms are found to be more likely to use ‘soft talk’ strategies across the three economies. Yet the research also reveals that the multinationals are often more energy-intensive. Data for electricity consumption (where the largest regulatory differences exist across the EU border) show that there is a difference in the energy intensity of foreign and domestic firms in Turkey. At prices 45% lower than the unweighted EU average, the paper documents a 114% difference in electricity consumption by ownership. This difference in the difference between foreign and domestic firms' green behaviour across the three economies studied provides strong validation for the pollution haven hypothesis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Soft and hard aspects of green behaviour: A firm-level study of the pollution haven hypothesis in the Mediterranean Basin

Jensen

2021

Heliyon

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“…Despite local and national implementation of protected marine regions, and a multitude of other regulations (such as finning bans, catch limits, and traditional fisheries management approaches) global shark populations continue to decline 12 . Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been highlighted as a possible effective management tools for sharks 12 , yet poor enforcement reduces or negates the effectiveness of MPAs in many regions 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of injury on apparent survival of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area, Maldives

Harvey-Carroll

Stewart

Carroll

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered species with a declining global population. The South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area (SAMPA), Maldives, is one of few locations globally where year-long residency of individuals occurs. This SAMPA aggregation appears to consist almost exclusively of immature males. Due to its year-round residency, this local aggregation is subjected to a high degree of tourism pressure. This ecotourism contributes to the high level of interest and protection offered to whale sharks by the local community. Unfortunately, if regulations are not followed or enforced, tourism can bring with it major stressors, such as accidental injuries. We used POPAN capture-mark-recapture models and lagged identification rate analysis to assess the effect of major injuries on whale shark residency within SAMPA. Injuries may be obtained outside SAMPA. We found individuals with major injuries had a higher apparent survival in the area than those without. Lagged identification rates also demonstrated that sharks with major injuries are more likely to return to the area. We suggest that major injuries result in sharks prolonging their time in the developmental habitat. These findings have implications for individual fitness and the population viability of this endangered species. We propose targeted conservation strategies be considered to protect sharks from further injury. Based on the presented spatio-temporal distributions of sharks, and current local knowledge of sighting patterns, speed limit zones and propeller-exclusion zones should be implemented and enforced. If carried out alongside tourist education, these measures will contribute to the protection of whale sharks within SAMPA and beyond. Furthermore, our results can aid research direction, alongside regulation and enforcement development, at similar sites worldwide.

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“…continue to jeopardize conservation efforts within protected sites Mazaris et al, 2019), and less than 40% of marine sites have management plans, with many Natura 2000 sites considered just 'paper parks' with no actual conservation measures in place (Beal et al, 2017;Claudet et al, 2020). Climate change mitigation is rarely addressed by EU marine environmental policies (e.g., in member states Programs of Measures under the MSFD) or national marine spatial plans, and the monitoring of marine protected areas (MPAs) commonly does not depict and clearly distinguish between impacts of local and global stressors (Rilov et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twelve Recommendations for Advancing Marine Conservation in European and Contiguous Seas

et al. 2020

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Like most ocean regions today, the European and contiguous seas experience cumulative impacts from local human activities and global pressures. They are largely in poor environmental condition with deteriorating trends. Despite several success stories, European policies for marine conservation fall short of being effective. Acknowledging the challenges for marine conservation, a 4-year multinational network, MarCons, supported collaborative marine conservation efforts to bridge the gap between science, management and policy, aiming to contribute in reversing present negative trends. By consolidating a large network of more than 100 scientists from 26 countries, and conducting a series of workshops over 4 years (2016-2020), MarCons analyzed challenges, opportunities and obstacles for advancing marine conservation in the European and contiguous seas. Here, we synthesize the major issues that emerged from this analysis and make 12 key recommendations for policy makers, marine managers, and researchers. To increase the effectiveness of marine conservation planning, we recommend (1) designing coherent networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the framework of marine spatial planning (MSP) and applying systematic conservation planning principles, including re-evaluation of existing management zones, (2) designing MPA networks within a broader transboundary planning framework, and (3) implementing integrated land-freshwater-sea approaches. To address inadequate or poorly informed management, we recommend (4) developing and implementing

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Underprotected Marine Protected Areas in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot

Abstract: Highlights d 6.01% of the Mediterranean is covered by protection d In 95% of this area, regulations are not stronger inside than outside MPAs d Only 0.23% of the Mediterranean is fully or highly protected d Protection is unevenly distributed across political boundaries and eco-regions

Cited by 131 publications

References 29 publications

Soft and hard aspects of green behaviour: A firm-level study of the pollution haven hypothesis in the Mediterranean Basin

Soft and hard aspects of green behaviour: A firm-level study of the pollution haven hypothesis in the Mediterranean Basin

The impact of injury on apparent survival of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in South Ari Atoll Marine Protected Area, Maldives

Twelve Recommendations for Advancing Marine Conservation in European and Contiguous Seas

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