Understanding Material Deprivation for 25 EU Countries: Risk and Level Perspectives, and Distinctiveness of Zeros

Abstract

and the participants of OPHI Seminars for their valuable comments on the draft of the paper. I also would like to thank to the editors and four anonymous referees whose useful comments and suggestions, I believe, improved the paper significantly.

Multidimensional material deprivation in Poland: a focus on changes in 2015–2017

“…The results obtained in this research prove that scoring zero on the material deprivation scale is a qualitatively different phenomenon to scoring at least one. Thus, using zero-inflated count models, Bedük (2018) shows that individuals with zero deprivation items have significantly distinct profiles to those who experience at least one deprivation item. Other relevant papers on the intensity of material deprivation are Bárcena-Martín et al (2014) and Busetta et al (2016).…”

“…Other socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, health status, and place of residence have also been examined by many authors. In particular, Bedük (2018) and Nelson (2012) found that women are generally more deprived than men. Moreover, Hicks (2016) and Bárcena-Martín et al (2014) revealed that living in a female-headed household significantly increases the risk of MD.…”

“…Despite the fact that MD is measured by means of different applied methodologies, most studies point out the similar individual and household-level correlates used in different EU countries. First of all, many studies find an association between household income and MD (Bárcena-Martín et al 2014;Bedük 2018;Israel 2016). However, monetary poverty and MD do not strictly coincide (Ayllón and Gábos 2017;Stávková et al 2012;Szulc 2008).…”

“…Moreover, Hicks (2016) and Bárcena-Martín et al (2014) revealed that living in a female-headed household significantly increases the risk of MD. Additionally, because disabilities and illnesses require additional expenses, poor health is positively associated with MD (Bedük 2018;Israel 2016;Šoltés and Ulman 2015).…”

“…The excess of zeros has substantive implications for defining and analysing MD (Bedük 2018). Therefore, apart from intensity, we examined the risk of MD, which in our study refers to being deprived of at least one of nine items.…”