Understanding Polyphenols' Health Effects Through the Gut Microbiota

Selma, María V.; Tomás‐Barberán, Francisco A; Romo‐Vaquero, María; Cortés‐Martín, Adrián; Espı́n, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1002/9781119563754.ch13

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…On the contrary, in the last decade, the isolation, identification, and characterization of the microorganisms responsible for Uro production and their health implications have been actively investigated. [ 118 , 145 ] The genus Gordonibacter from the Eggerthellaceae family accommodates bacterial species that are part of the human gut microbiota and can metabolize EA into Uro‐M5, Uro‐M6, and Uro‐C. [ 146 , 147 ] Cells of this genus are Gram‐positive, obligatory anaerobic, motile, and non‐spore‐forming short‐rod‐shaped.…”

Section: New Insights Into Microorganisms Involved In Urolithin Produ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, at the same time, (poly)phenol gut metabotypes can indirectly reflect the individual's gut microbiome (biomarkers of gut microbiota) and health status (biomarkers of health status). [ 52 , 111 , 145 ] Further research should be performed to elucidate the potential health benefits of Gordonibacter and Ellagibacter and other species from the Eggerthellaceae family due to their ability to produce bioactive metabolites from several dietary (poly)phenols.…”

Section: New Insights Into Microorganisms Involved In Urolithin Produ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

Garcı́a-Villalba

Giménez‐Bastida

Cortés‐Martín

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

140

113

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Urolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid, are discovered by the research group in humans almost 20 years ago. Pioneering research suggests urolithins as pleiotropic bioactive contributors to explain the health benefits after consuming ellagitannin‐rich sources (pomegranates, walnuts, strawberries, etc.). Here, this study comprehensively updates the knowledge on urolithins, emphasizing the review of the literature published during the last 5 years. To date, 13 urolithins and their corresponding conjugated metabolites (glucuronides, sulfates, etc.) have been described and, depending on the urolithin, detected in different human fluids and tissues (urine, blood, feces, breastmilk, prostate, colon, and breast tissues). There has been a substantial advance in the research on microorganisms involved in urolithin production, along with the compositional and functional characterization of the gut microbiota associated with urolithins metabolism that gives rise to the so‐called urolithin metabotypes (UM‐A, UM‐B, and UM‐0), relevant in human health. The design of in vitro studies using physiologically relevant assay conditions (molecular forms and concentrations) is still a pending subject, making some reported urolithin activities questionable. In contrast, remarkable progress has been made in the research on the safety, bioactivity, and associated mechanisms of urolithin A, including the first human interventions.

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Section: New Insights Into Microorganisms Involved In Urolithin Produ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Insights Into Microorganisms Involved In Urolithin Produ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

Garcı́a-Villalba

Giménez‐Bastida

Cortés‐Martín

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

140

113

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“…Reactions such as ring and lactone fission, dehydroxylation, reduction, decarboxylation, demethylation, isomerization are also reactions induced by the gut microbiota. Microbial transformations are influenced by phenolic structure, flavonoid and nonflavonoid factors, polymerization degree, and spatial configuration [ 119 , 120 ].…”

Section: Prebiotics As a Nutritional Substrate For Human Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols—Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics

2021

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The present review summarizes the studies carried out on this topic in the last five years. According to the new definitions, among all the compounds included in the group of prebiotics, polyphenols are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by the plant kingdom. Many of these types of polyphenols have low bioavailability, therefore reaching the colon in unaltered form. Once in the colon, these compounds interact with the intestinal microbes bidirectionally by modulating them and, consequently, releasing metabolites. Despite much research on various metabolites, little is known about the chemistry of the metabolic routes used by different bacteria species. In this context, this review aims to investigate the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting that the consumption of polyphenols leads to an increase in beneficial bacteria, as well as an increase in the production of valuable metabolites. In conclusion, there is much evidence in preclinical studies supporting the prebiotic effect of polyphenols, but further clinical studies are needed to investigate this effect in humans.

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“…BA, benzoic acid; CBG, cytosolic β ‐glucosidases; CIA, cinnamic acid; COMTs, Catechol‐ O ‐methyltransferases; CYPs, cytochrome P450 enzymes; GM, gut microbiota; LPH, lactase‐phlorizin hydrolase; OH, hydroxy; PAA, phenylacetic acid; PPA, phenylpropionic acid; UGTs, uridine‐5ʹ‐diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferases. [ 26,29,31,39–44,47–50,52,53 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Herbs and Spices' Phytochemicals over 24 h after Consumption in Overweight/Obese Adults

Huang

Edirisinghe

Burton‐Freeman

et al. 2023

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope This study aims to characterize the phytochemicals in commonly consumed herbs/spices (H/S) in the United States and their pharmacokinetic profile (PK) over 24 h in humans after consumption. Method and results The clinical trial is a randomized, single‐blinded, four‐arm, 24 h, multi‐sampling, single‐center crossover design (Clincaltrials.gov NCT03926442) conducted in obese/overweight adults (n = 24, aged 37 ± 3 years, BMI = 28.4 ± 0.6 kg m−2). Study subjects consume a high‐fat high‐carbohydrate meal with salt and pepper (control) or the control meal with 6 g of three different H/S mixtures (Italian herb: rosemary, basil, thyme, oregano, and parsley in the same ratio; cinnamon; and pumpkin pie spice containing cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, and allspice, the ratio is unknown). Three H/S mixtures are analyzed and 79 phytochemicals are tentatively identified and quantified. Following H/S consumption, 47 metabolites are tentatively identified and quantified in plasma samples. The PK data suggest that some metabolites appear in blood as early as 0.5 h while others can extend up to 24 h. Conclusion Phytochemicals from H/S include in a meal are absorbed and undergo phase I and phase II metabolism and/or catabolized to phenolic acids peaking at different times.

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Understanding Polyphenols' Health Effects Through the Gut Microbiota

Cited by 7 publications

References 114 publications

Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

Polyphenols—Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics

Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Herbs and Spices' Phytochemicals over 24 h after Consumption in Overweight/Obese Adults

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