Understanding Sars Cov-2: A Deadliest Bug of 21st Century

Abstract

A corona virus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) become the first pandemic of 21st century across the world. The novel SARS CoV-2 shares the high similarities with SARS Co-V reported in 2003. SARS-CoV-2 genome is having good homology to the Chinese horseshoe bat SARS-related coronaviruses and have been transmitted from bats to unknown wild animals. SARS CoV-2 is an encapsulated virus belongs to Coronaviridae family contain positive sense ~32KB single-strand RNA genome. It comprises with four different structural proteins; E, N, M and S that requires ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptor proteins for the host cell attachment. Total 16 non-structural proteins are necessary for synthesis and release the mature SARS CoV-2 viral particles. SARS CoV-2 may produce three fold virus particles within 48 h and frequency of transmission from one person to another person is higher compared to SARS Co-V. This review helps to understand the evolution of SARS CoV-2 with its taxonomy, structure, genome and life cycle in humans.