Understanding the Automotive Pedal Usage and Foot Movement Characteristics of Older Drivers

Xi, Yubin; Brooks, Johnell O.; Venhovens, Paul; Rosopa, Patrick J.; DesJardins, John D.; McConomy, Shayne; Belle, Leah; Drouin, Nathalie; Hennessy, Sarah; Kopera, Kevin; McKee, J. A.; Tanner, Stephanie L.; Truesdail, Constance; Lococo, Kathy H.; Staplin, Loren

doi:10.4271/2018-01-0495

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Unlike UNECE R 13 [1] described above, the requirements of UNECE R 35 [3] concern the ergonomics of the driver's workplace, in compliance with the demands for a comfort and the efficiency of the control elements' interactions with the driver, which has been addressed in [4][5][6][7]. As was demonstrated, the topic of comfort is not enough when it comes to the safety of braking based on the driver's reaction and the speed of the pedal activation and the pedal strength, as is presented in [9][10][11][12][13]15,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ε p0 * -reference strain rate, T-current specimen temperature, T m -fusion temperature. The expression in the third set of brackets (7) represents thermal softening such that the yield stress drops to zero at the melting temperature T m . An explicit dynamic numerical scheme for solving any hyperbolic or parabolic nonlinear system of partial differential equations (explicit loads, fluids, etc.)…”

Section: Shock Load Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This publication correlates with the present research in terms of the speed of the load application on the pedal, which is an important factor in the context of strength analysis (according to the requirements of UNECE R 13, the maximum load on the brake should not exceed 1000 N, but the speed of its application significantly affects the strength). Du et al [6] and Xi et al [7] simulated an interaction between a driver and a seat, focusing on the use of car pedals and the characteristics of the legs of elderly drivers, and relating this directly to ergonomics. Rantaharju et al [8] presented health risks related to whole-body vibration and shock investigations, logically supplementing the previously cited works, and compared alternative assessment methods for high-acceleration events in vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Accelerator Pedal Strength under Critical Loads Using the Finite Element Method

et al. 2023

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The core idea of the research consists in a formulation of boundary conditions of a mechanical accelerator pedal’s strength in an Ansys environment, whose conditions are equivalent to full-scale tests under the critical loads defined by the UNECE’s Regulation No. 13. The lack of regulatory requirements for the strength of pedal types other than brake pedals is a major gap in vehicle certification, especially when it comes to agricultural machinery. In such cases, the authors suggest being guided by UNECE R 13 regarding the strength of the accelerator and other types of pedals and checking their behavior under loads of at least 1000 N. The real value of the yield strength of the material (Silumin 4000) is very important, both in the physical real-life experiments and in FEA simulation. The critical case of a short-term shock loading of the pedal in its extreme position has been considered separately. With the help of the Ansys Explicit Dynamics module, results of a pedal’s behavior were obtained; it lost its integrity and suffered destruction. It is also necessary to check the intermediate stress values depending on the loads for direct and hybrid tasks using the Transient Structural module in order to estimate other critical cases of the pedal behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shock Load Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Accelerator Pedal Strength under Critical Loads Using the Finite Element Method

et al. 2023

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“…activities to examine the pedal usage characteristics of elderly drivers. His study focuses on mistakes that occur when pedal input is applied, as well as older drivers' frequent occurrence in pedal input-related incidents [13]. Each driver's pedal travel (potentiometer), pedal force (Tekscan sensor), and foot motion were recorded by the instrumented car.…”

Section: Et Al Used An Instrumented Car In Diverse Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Modelling of Pedal Pressing Activities During Road Traffic Delay

Zifruddin¹,

Ahmad²,

Isa³

et al. 2022

J. Mod. Mech. Eng. Technol.

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Traffic congestion in big cities in Malaysia has become a common scenario among the communities. The journey between homes to working place twice a day at considerable distances is no longer a strange situation. Being in traffic for hours in a sitting position requires recurrent tasks of manual pressing the pedal and brake excessively and if they are done without the correct sitting posture, it may trigger fatigue faster, particularly for the leg and back of the driver. In the long term, it will negatively affect the health of the driver, particularly in the form of physical, psychological, and emotional. Therefore, this paper is trying to investigate the recurrent brake pedal pressings as well as the leg postures while driving in traffic jam. The research is started with the experimental setup and data acquisition on brake pedal pressing as well as leg posture followed by the modelling and analysis of the obtained data using particle swarm optimization (PSO) modelling technique. The validation step was then executed to verify the model derived using open loop and closed loop performance analysis. The results show that the pedal pressing force of leg posture can be closely represented using 2ndorder transfer function and mimics the actual pedal pressing pattern during road traffic delay.

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“…Meanwhile, there are a few studies that targeted older drivers. Researchers attempted to explore how the older drivers use their accelerator and brake pedals (Transportation, 2013), to assess to what extent specific cognitive functions contribute to pedal errors among older drivers (Freund et al, 2008), to understand pedal usage characteristics of older drivers during on-road driving tasks in an instrumented vehicle (Xi et al, 2018), and to investigate the characteristics of pedal errors by the older drivers relate to sudden unintended acceleration (SUA) incidents (Wu et al, 2014). Several objectives highlighted are to determine whether is the medical status, sex, or anthropometry associated with drivers' foot positions and movements or not.…”

Section: Research Focus and Target Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedal Error Among Car Drivers: A Review on The Research Approach and Setup

Baharom

Ahmad²,

Hassan³

et al. 2021

JSAEM

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The movement of the driver’s foot from one pedal to another is a blind positioning movement. Variability of driver’s foot movement might lead to pedal error or pedal misapplication. In this paper, we reviewed the research focus in the pedal error study, who are the participants involved in the study, what kind of approach or method used to perform the pedal error study, how is the test setup, test condition, and flow of the study, and what are the factors influencing the pedal error accidents. The review searched relevant articles based on five keywords: pedal errors, pedal misapplication, sudden unintended acceleration (SUA), automotive foot pedals, and sudden acceleration accidents. Based on the review, the research focus is focusing on the factors causing the pedal error, understanding the fundamental principles of pedal misapplications, and characteristics of pedal errors among older drivers. The pedal error study has been conducted either using the naturalistic driving, driving simulation, or survey. The pedal error among ASEAN drivers is essential since there is no study related to this topic has been conducted in any ASEAN countries yet.

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Understanding the Automotive Pedal Usage and Foot Movement Characteristics of Older Drivers

Abstract: for the help with data collection and training. I also want to thank all the friends I met at Clemson and Roger C. Peace. You made this academic journey so enjoyable.

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Evaluation of Accelerator Pedal Strength under Critical Loads Using the Finite Element Method

Evaluation of Accelerator Pedal Strength under Critical Loads Using the Finite Element Method

Parametric Modelling of Pedal Pressing Activities During Road Traffic Delay

Pedal Error Among Car Drivers: A Review on The Research Approach and Setup

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