Understanding the Dynamic of POMS Infection and the Role of Microbiota Composition in the Survival of Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas

Delisle, Lizenn; Laroche, Olivier; Hilton, Zoë; Burguin, Jean-François; Rolton, Anne; Berry, Jolene; Pochon, Xavier; Boudry, Pierre; Vignier, Julien

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01959-22

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…2 ). During lytic infection in Pacific oysters, OsHV-1 predominately infects hemocytes, which undergo degeneration and death ( Bueno et al., 2016 ; de Lorgeril et al., 2018 ; Delisle et al., 2022 ; Friedman et al., 2005 ). OsHV-1 has also been detected in epithelial cells of Pacific oysters in some studies ( Arzul et al., 2002 ; Martenot et al., 2016 ; Prado-Alvarez et al., 2016 ) but not in others ( Bueno et al., 2016 ; Corbeil et al., 2015 ; Lipart and Renault, 2002 ), suggesting that epithelial cells are not the primary sites of replication during lytic infection by OsHV-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 latent infection and reactivation in adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas

Divilov,

Wang,

Swisher

et al. 2024

Virus Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 latent infection and reactivation in adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas

Divilov,

Wang,

Swisher

et al. 2024

Virus Research

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“…OsHV-1 µVar, a threatening pathogen for oyster production, has spread not only in Europe (Segarra et al 2010; Petton et al 2021) but also to the United States (Friedman et al 2005), Japan (Shimahara et al 2012), Australia (Paul-Pont et al 2013), China (Bai et al 2015) and New-Zealand (Delisle et al 2022). On the other hand, the pathogenic bacterium V. aestuarianus has been observed to spread across Europe (Mesnil et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this innovative approach only protects against POMS infections (Green and Montagnani 2013;Lafont et al 2017). A diversity of studies on oystermicrobiota interactions have also opened a new field of investigations consisting in identifying bacteria beneficial for their associated host during adverse conditions (King et al 2019a;Clerissi et al 2020;Delisle et al 2022;Fallet et al 2022). Research on disease prevention in molluscs based on the use of probiotics has been ongoing for decades but has yet to see widespread applications in farms (Yeh et al 2020;Takyi et al 2023Takyi et al , 2024Muñoz-Cerro et al 2024).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial education plays a crucial role in harnessing the beneficial properties of microbiota for infectious disease protection inCrassostrea gigas

Dantan,

Carcassonne,

Dégremont

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Recently, the frequency and severity of marine diseases have increased in association with global changes, and molluscs of economic interest are particularly concerned. Among them, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) production faces challenges from several diseases such as the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) or vibriosis. Various strategies such as genetic selection or immune priming have been developed to fight some of these infectious diseases. The microbial education, which consist of exposing the host immune system to beneficial microorganisms during early life stages is a promising approach against diseases. This study explores the concept of microbial education using controlled and pathogen-free bacterial communities and assesses its protective effects against POMS and Vibrio aestuarianus infections, highlighting potential applications in oyster production. Results: We demonstrate that it is possible to educate the oyster immune system by adding microorganisms during the larval stage. Adding culture based bacterial mixes to larvae protects only against the POMS disease while adding whole microbial communities from oyster donors protects against both POMS and vibriosis. The efficiency of the immune protection depends both on oyster origin and on the composition of the bacterial mixes used for exposure. No preferential protection was observed when the oysters were stimulated with their sympatric strains. We further show that the added bacteria were not maintained in the oyster microbiota after the exposure, but this bacterial addition induced long term changes in the microbiota composition and oyster immune gene expression. Conclusion: Our study reveals successful immune system education of oysters by introducing beneficial micro-organisms during the larval stage. We improved the long-term resistance of oysters against critical diseases (POMS disease and Vibrio aestuarianus infections) highlighting the potential of microbial education in aquaculture.

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“…Nevertheless, OsHV-1 was detected in tissues and hemocytes of two-year old oysters on 1, 2, and 3 dpi, with higher levels of OsHV-1 in the hemocytes (Figure 2). During lytic infection in Pacific oysters, OsHV-1 predominately infects hemocytes, which undergo degeneration and death [23][24][25][26]. OsHV-1 has been detected in epithelial cells of Pacific oysters in some studies [27][28][29] but not in others [23,30,31], suggesting that epithelial cells are not the primary sites of replication during lytic infection by OsHV-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Infections of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 in Adult Pacific Oysters, <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>

Divilov¹,

Wang²,

Fleener³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is one of the most economically important pathogens of Pacific oysters. Understanding the pathogenesis of this virus is critical to developing tools to control outbreaks on shellfish farms. OsHV-1 is genetically related to vertebrate herpesviruses, which have a lytic and a latent stage, with the latent stage capable of being reactivated to the lytic stage. Here, OsHV-1 latency in Pacific oysters was investigated in experimentally and naturally infected oysters. Lytic infection in one-year-old oysters injected with the Tomales Bay strain of OsHV-1 was detectable between 1 and 4 days post-infection (dpi) but was not detectable after 5 dpi. The infected oysters shed 1102 to 1104 DNA copies/ml during the 4-day acute phase. At 21 dpi, the recovered oysters were temperature and chemically stressed and were found to shed 1104 to 1105 DNA copies/ml over a period of 48 h. Lytic shedding was not detectable in two-year-old oysters injected similarly with the same strain of OsHV-1; however, the OsHV-1 genome was detectable by qPCR in the adductor muscle, gill, mantle, and hemocytes within the first 3 dpi, after which it became undetectable. No OsHV-1 was detectable in the adductor muscle, gill, or mantle from experimentally infected oysters on days 15 and 21 post-infection or from oysters sampled 9 months after surviving an OsHV-1 mortality event; however, OsHV-1 DNA could be detected in hemocytes of both experimentally infected oysters at 21 dpi and naturally infected oysters. In addition, lytic viral gene transcription was detectable in hemocytes of experimentally infected oysters between 1 and 21 dpi and in hemocytes of naturally infected oysters.

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Understanding the Dynamic of POMS Infection and the Role of Microbiota Composition in the Survival of Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas

Cited by 15 publications

References 86 publications

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 latent infection and reactivation in adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 latent infection and reactivation in adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas

Microbial education plays a crucial role in harnessing the beneficial properties of microbiota for infectious disease protection inCrassostrea gigas

Persistent Infections of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 in Adult Pacific Oysters, <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>

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