Understanding the Spermatozoon

Neri, Q.V.; Hu, Jennifer; Rosenwaks, Zev; Palermo, Gianpiero D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0659-8_5

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…These oocytes were then exposed to 40 IU recombinant hyaluronidase (Cumulase ™ , Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. San Diego, CA) to remove cumulus-corona cells in a previously defined manner [ 21 , 22 ]. Details of the microinjection procedure have been previously described, including selection, immobilization and permeabilization of the spermatozoa [ 22 – 24 ]. At all times it was necessary to substitute an 8μl drop in the injection dish with 3 μl of the final sperm suspension [ 18 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on the Nature of Seminal Round Cells

et al. 2016

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IntroductionIn this investigation we assess the incidence of round cells (RCs) in semen samples in our infertile patient population and their significance on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle outcomes. We also evaluate the usefulness of RCs as indicators of bacterial infection and highlight the origin of this cell-type, as well as its role in the human ejaculate.Patients and MethodsIn a prospective fashion, a total of 4,810 ejaculated samples were included in the study during a period of 24 months. RCs were characterized for white blood cell (WBC) components versus exfoliated germ cells by testing for multiple markers of ploidy as well as protamine assays. Cases displaying ≥ 2 x 106/ml RCs were screened for bacteria. Raw specimens containing RC were processed by peroxidase and other leukocyte assays, specific stains for protamines were used to identify spermiogenic stage, aneuploidy (FISH) assessment was carried out, and the presence of various Sertoli-cell cytoplasmic remnants was analyzed to identify and characterize immature germ cells. The effect of RC on clinical outcome was assessed in specimens used for ICSI.ResultsThe average age of the men involved was 39.2 ± 7 years. Semen samples had a mean concentration of 40.7 ± 31 x 106/ml, motility of 42.6 ± 35%, and morphology of 2.3 ± 2%. RCs were identified in 261 specimens, representing a proportion of 5.4%. Men with RCs had comparable age but lower sperm concentration and morphology than the control group (P<0.001). The aneuploidy rate of 4.3% in RCs group was remarkably higher than the control group (2.3%; P<0.001). Sperm aneuploidy rate positively correlated with the number of RCs (P<0.001). Of 44 men, 17 of them in 18 cycles had up to 1.9 x 106/ml RCs without affecting fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates when compared to controls (n = 365 cycles). In 27 men undergoing 33 ICSI cycles with ≥ 2 x 106/ml RCs, the fertilization rate trended lower and the miscarriage rate was significantly increased (P = 0.05). There was lack of correlation between RC and bacteriological growth. Specific markers indicated that seminal RCs are mostly immature germ cells encased in the remnants of Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Moreover, their modest protamine content and their haploid status confirm that they are post-meiotic. Sequential observation in the same man showed that RC episodes were followed by an amelioration of semen parameters, and interestingly, the episodic occurrence of RCs often coincides with flu season peaks.ConclusionsSeminal RCs are not a marker of infectiousness but rather a transient indicator of spermatogenic insult that possibly occurs in most men following a mild and transient ailment such as the flu.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on the Nature of Seminal Round Cells

et al. 2016

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“…Daily intramuscular progesterone (50 mg) was begun the day after oocyte retrieval. Oocytes were exposed to 40 IU recombinant hyaluronidase (Cumulase, Halozyme Therapeutics Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) to remove the cumulus-corona complex [15,16]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Maternal Constraints on Fetal Growth and Subsequent Perinatal Outcomes Using a Multiple Embryo Implantation Model

et al. 2016

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IntroductionAlthough the majority of singleton births after in vitro fertilization (IVF) are uncomplicated, studies have suggested that IVF pregnancies may be independently associated with low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and perinatal mortality. These outcomes complicate multiple gestations as expected, but have also been reported in singletons. A multiple embryo implantation model allows for assessment of the early in utero environment, and therefore, assessment of any maternal constraints on developing fetuses. We question whether adverse perinatal outcomes associated with assisted reproductive techniques (ART) occur as a result of maternal physiologic adaptations.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective, single center study of ART cycles, specifically intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles during a 16-year period. For each positive pregnancy test 9–11 days after embryo transfer, an ultrasonogram was performed at 7 weeks of gestation to record the number of implanted fetal poles with cardiac activity. Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), hCG trigger, oocyte retrieval and sperm injection were performed as per our standard protocols. First trimester implantation sites that resulted in live births were defined as “true” to distinguish them from those that spontaneously reduced called “virtual.” Birth outcomes analyzed included birth weight and gestational age at delivery.ResultsA total of 17,415 cycles were analyzed. The average maternal age was 36.9 (±5.0) years. An overall fertilization rate of 73.4% generated approximately 48,708 good quality cleavage-stage embryos. In most patients (92.8%), an average of 3 embryos were transferred. The clinical pregnancy rate was 39.2% (n = 6,281). The overall occurrence of multiple gestations was 38.2% (n = 2,608) consisting of 2,038 twin, 511 triplet, and 59 quadruplet pregnancies. Of these multiple gestations, 18.6% of twin, 54.2% of triplet and 76.3% of quadruplet gestations spontaneously reduced. Failure of the implanted embryo to progress was not related to maternal age. Singleton newborns resulting from multiple implantation sites had lower birth weights (P<0.01) and shorter gestational ages (P<0.01) than those from a single implanted embryo. The number of embryos transferred did not affect the gestational length of singleton newborns. Although the birth weights of singletons from multiple implantation sites (virtual singletons) were lower than true singletons, the birth weight of virtual singletons were comparable to the birth weights of true twin, triplet, and quadruplet live births. Multiple logistic regression revealed that virtual singletons were an independent risk factor for PTB (odds ratio: 4.55, 95% CI 2.23–9.29) and LBW (odds ratio: 3.61, 95% CI 1.78–7.32), even after controlling for the number of oocytes, stimulation protocol type, sperm source, total gonadotropins administered, age, embryo quality, and day of embryo transfer.ConclusionsOur study highlights that embryonic implantation sites during early gestation set the growth profil...

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“…Moreover, New York state mandates all andrologists to participate in proficiency testing every 6 months. Slide preparation and staining for the assessment of sperm morphology were carried out based on previously described protocols [ 14 ]. Specifically, the morphological evaluation of viable spermatozoa was carried out using an inverted light microscope (×100 lens under oil immersion) with an ocular lens (×10 magnification), allowing a total magnification of around ×1,000 [ 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slide preparation and staining for the assessment of sperm morphology were carried out based on previously described protocols [ 14 ]. Specifically, the morphological evaluation of viable spermatozoa was carried out using an inverted light microscope (×100 lens under oil immersion) with an ocular lens (×10 magnification), allowing a total magnification of around ×1,000 [ 14 ]. Our center generally uses prestained Testsimplets (Origio, Cooper Surgical, Inc., Trumbull, CT, USA) slides to evaluate sperm morphology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outcomes of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles for Complete Teratozoospermia: A Case-Control Study Using Paired Sibling Oocytes

Pereira

Neri

Lekovich

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To investigate the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles where sibling oocytes from a single donor were split between two recipients based on strict sperm morphology. Methods. Retrospective cohort study. All ICSI cycles had one donor's oocytes split between two recipients in a 1 : 1 ratio based on strict sperm morphology, that is, one male partner had morphology of 0% and the other had morphology of >1%. Fertilization, positive hCG, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage, and live birth rates of the aforementioned groups were compared. Results. The baseline characteristics of the two groups (n = 103), including semen parameters of the male partners, were comparable. There was no difference in the fertilization rates when comparing the 0% group to the >1% group (78.7% versus 81.6%; P = 0.66). The overall positive hCG, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage, and live birth rates for the 0% group were 61.2%, 49.5%, 10.7%, and 38.8%, respectively. The corresponding rates in the >1% group were positive hCG (63.1%), clinical pregnancy (55.3%), spontaneous miscarriage (7.77%), and live birth (46.6%). Conclusions. The fertilization and pregnancy outcomes of ICSI cycles for strict sperm morphology of 0% versus morphology of >1% are equivalent. These results can provide reassurance to couples undergoing ICSI for severe teratospermia.

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Understanding the Spermatozoon

Cited by 9 publications

References 157 publications

Shedding Light on the Nature of Seminal Round Cells

Shedding Light on the Nature of Seminal Round Cells

Identifying Maternal Constraints on Fetal Growth and Subsequent Perinatal Outcomes Using a Multiple Embryo Implantation Model

Outcomes of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles for Complete Teratozoospermia: A Case-Control Study Using Paired Sibling Oocytes

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