Underwater sediment analyses by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and calibration procedure for fluctuating plasma parameters

Lazic, V.; Colao, F.; Fantoni, R.; Spizzichino, Valeria; Jovičević, S.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2006.11.004

Cited by 71 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The application of LIBS in the characterisation of heavy metals in sediment as reported in the literature are limited to a few applications [27−30]. Lazic et al [27], Barbini et al [28] and Lazic et al [29] used LIBS for the determination of Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ba and other metals in marine sediment samples. Similarly, Mohamed and Askar [30], Capitelli et al [31], Santos et al [32] and Senesi et al [33] determined heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in soil and sediment using LIBS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the concentration of Cr, Mn and Fe in sediment using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Mekonnen¹,

Ambushe²,

Chandravanshi³

et al. 2012

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. In the present study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for the determination of levels of Cr, Mn and Fe in sediment samples and the results have been compared with that of flame-atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). Fourteen sediment samples were collected from Tinishu Akaki River (TAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Pellets of 24 mm in diameter and 3−5 mm in thickness were prepared using a manual hydraulic press under a pressure of 8000 psi by mixing finely ground sediment samples with boric acid. The concentrations of Cr, Mn and Fe were successfully determined by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. Quantification of these metals was conducted against certified reference materials of sediments and soils. The LIBS results for the elements varied from 0.060-0.707 mg/g for Cr, 0.895-3.64 mg/g for Mn and 26.9-71.8 mg/g for Fe. The F-AAS results varied from 0.061-1.37 mg/g for Cr, 1.24-4.46 mg/g for Mn and 49.0-83.3 mg/g for Fe. TAR was found to be heavily polluted with Cr.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the concentration of Cr, Mn and Fe in sediment using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Mekonnen¹,

Ambushe²,

Chandravanshi³

et al. 2012

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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“…The feasibility of performing LIBS analyses on sediments directly underwater was assessed in [20]. Such measurements could provide important environmental and geological data, as well as information about recent biological activity in waters [103].…”

Section: Underwater Analysis Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8.4) with the aim to create sample/air interface. The optimized conditions for underwater sediment analysis in [20] correspond to a DP laser excitation at 1064 nm, with pulse energies of E 1 = 60 mJ and E 2 = 240 mJ with timing Dt = 75 ls, and to an angular laser incidence on the sample. The laser repetition rate should be of 0.5 Hz or lower in order to avoid the particle accumulation above the sample.…”

Section: Underwater Analysis Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LIBS measurements of bulk liquids might be employed for in situ detection of leakages in industrial and power plants [1,12,13], other kinds of water contamination [14,15], geothermal winds in deep oceans [16], and direct analysis of liquids inside transparent containers [6]. Detection of submerged materials could be exploited also for feedback control in laser surgery [17], usually performed with liquid coverage, then for recognition of underwater building materials and archeological objects [18,19], and determination of recent pollution and bioactivity in waters [20]. Due to problems related to direct liquid analysis, sometimes the same are sampled through residues deposited and dried on filters or other solid supports [21,22].…”

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LIBS Analysis of Liquids and of Materials Inside Liquids

Lazic

2014

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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Abbreviations and Symbols CILaser induced plasma formation on or inside liquids is characterized by large energy losses due to liquid evaporation. Ablation of a liquid surface is followed by hydro-dynamical instabilities and splashing. Plasma generation inside bulk liquids is affected by the light absorption and scattering, and it is accompanied by intense pressure waves and successive vapor cavitation. Efficient LIBS analyses in presence of liquids require different considerations; the examples are reported and discussed in following. IntroductionLaser induced plasma formation has the irradiance threshold dependent on the sample density, and generally it progressively reduces when passing from gases, to liquids and then to solids. Excluding the losses along the beam path, this means that less laser energy is required for ablation of dry or submerged solid materials than for ablation of a liquid or for generating breakdown inside liquids. Plasma formation in presence of liquids is not efficient because a great portion of the laser energy is expended for the liquid vaporization; this strongly reduces the energy available for the plasma excitation. It has been estimated that about 75 % of the input radiation is consumed for vaporization during laser induced breakdown (LIB) inside water [1]. Furthermore, both water and organic solutions contain hydrogen, which contributes to a rapid thermalization and cooling of the formed plasma. Once the plasma is created in liquids, the high density and nearly incompressible medium strongly confines the plume; the corresponding effects on the plasma evolution and LIBS signal are recently reviewed [2]. Laser ablation (LA) of liquids by short, intense pulses is a complex process where the liquid surface is no longer in equilibrium with the surrounding vapor; this results in a very high net mass flux from the sample surface to the surrounding [3 and references therein]. The high mass flux increases the pressure at the target surface and so raises the boiling temperature. Once the normal boiling is established, the presence of volumetric energy densities slightly higher than that equivalent to the saturation temperature causes the formation and growth of a vapor bubble. If the deposition rate of volumetric energy density by a laser pulse exceeds the energy consumed by vaporization, the liquid is driven to a metastable state until the spinoidal temperature is reached. At this temperature, the liquid undergoes so called ''spinoidal decomposition'' where the entire superheated liquid volume separates into saturated liquid and vapor, which are ejected into atmosphere. This process occurs normally during LIBS sampling of a liquid surface. In case of water ablation it has been estimated that less than 50 % of the deposited energy transforms into vapor while the remaining part is consumed for ejection of droplets [3]. The energy loss on droplet expulsion i.e. splashing further degrades the LIBS signal.LIBS measurements are often performed on water solutions or inside the same. Laser intera...

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“…The best compromise between high line intensity and low background should be determined case by case, depending on the density of ambient gas and other factors [9]. In addition, provided that a nongated detector is used for the consideration of a compact field instrument or cost [10], background determination and subtraction are more especially worthy because of the intense interferences between continuum backgrounds and isolated lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic estimation of varying continuum background emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Sun

2009

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Underwater sediment analyses by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and calibration procedure for fluctuating plasma parameters

Cited by 71 publications

References 32 publications

Assessment of the concentration of Cr, Mn and Fe in sediment using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Assessment of the concentration of Cr, Mn and Fe in sediment using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

LIBS Analysis of Liquids and of Materials Inside Liquids

Automatic estimation of varying continuum background emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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