Unilateral hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog, pony and miniature swine

Elliott, A. R.; Steffey, Eugene; Jarvis, K. A.; Marshall, Bryan E.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(91)90074-s

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…He noted that some species with poor collateral ventilation had strong hypoxic vasoconstrictor response, and that some with good collateral ventilation had a weaker hypoxic vasoconstrictor response. This was confirmed by Elliott et al (1991), who reported that the hyperoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response was strongest in pigs, weakest in dogs, and intermediate in horses. Robinson (1982) speculated that in matching ventilation and perfusion, some species rely primarily on hypoxic vasoconstriction and others on collateral ventilation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Gross and Subgross Anatomy of Lungs, Pleura, Connective Tissue Septa, Distal Airways, and Structural Units

Peake¹,

Pinkerton²

2015

Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Gross and Subgross Anatomy of Lungs, Pleura, Connective Tissue Septa, Distal Airways, and Structural Units

Peake¹,

Pinkerton²

2015

Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung

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“…27 This profound response could predispose pigs to a more precipitous decrease in arterial oxygen concentrations secondary to more profound V/Q mismatch. To our knowledge, the HPV response in humans has not been directly compared with that of horses or pigs, but results of research in altitude-induced HPV suggest that there is great variability among individuals, 29,30 which could contribute to the fact that some humans respond to NO inhalation and some do not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response of the pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia is highly variable among species [26][27][28] ; for example, horses develop moderate HPV yet pigs develop profound HPV. 27 This profound response could predispose pigs to a more precipitous decrease in arterial oxygen concentrations secondary to more profound V/Q mismatch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic responses and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses

Grubb¹,

Högman²,

Edner³

et al. 2008

ajvr

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The improvement in arterial oxygenation during pulsed inhalation of NO to healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses decreased only gradually during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, and serum ET-1 concentration was not affected. Because a rapid rebound response did not develop, inhalation of NO might be clinically useful in the treatment of hypoxemia in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

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“…Pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction may play a significant role in increasing vascular resistance to blood-flow through the lung in hypoxic conditions in birds as it does in mammals. The effect is much more pronounced in some mammals than others (Elliott et al, 1991) but definitive evidence for hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction is lacking in birds. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was demonstrated by Scheid & Holle (1978) in ducks, but not by Black & Tenney (1980) in geese and ducks.…”

Section: Reduced Vascular Capacitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Ascites in poultry

1993

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SUMMARYResearch on ascites occurring in meat-type chickens reared at moderate and low altitude has shown that the pathogenesis is similar to that of the high altitude disease. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by increased blood flow or increased resistance to flow in the lung results in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), valvular insufficiency, increased venous pressure and ascites. The structure of the avian heart, with its thin-walled right ventricle and muscular right atrioventricular valve, allows PH to induce heart failure quickly. The sudden increase in pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in meat-type chickens in the 1980s was associated with a rapid increase in growth rate and feed conversion. This was a result of a combination of genetic selection for fast-growing, heavy broilers with low feed conversion and a more dense, high caloric, pelleted food that supplied all the nutrients required for rapid growth and encouraged a high nutrient intake. PHS in meat-type chickens is usually primary pulmonary hypertension, that is, PH that occurs without evidence of prior heart or lung disease that could account for the increase in blood flow or resistance to flow that results in the increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. The lungs of birds are firm and fixed in the thoracic cavity and they do not expand to draw air into the lung. The blood and air capillaries form a rigid network that allows only minimal expansion of the blood capillaries when more blood flow is required. Air is moved through the lung by abdominal movement which draws air in and out of the air sacs. The anatomy and physiology of the avian respiratory system are important in the susceptibility of meat-type chickens to PHS. The small stature of the modern meat-type chicken, the large, heavy breast mass, the pressure from abdominal contents on air sacs, and the small lung volume compared to body weight, may all be involved in the increased incidence of PHS. There is limited space for blood flow in the avian lung. Factors that increase blood flow or increase resistance to flow are additive. Increased blood viscosity caused by the polycythaemia of hypoxia, or increased erythrocyte rigidity of high Na + , are more likely to produce PH in fast-growing than in slow-growing birds. Increased flow due to cold exposure is also additive. Ascites caused by PH is a production-related disease at low altitude. It can be prevented easily by restricting growth rate. It is possible that some meat-type chickens of the phenotype we have created have reached the limit of blood flow through their lungs and that future improvements in growth rate will only be possible if the lung and abdominal cavity capacities are enlarged.

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Unilateral hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog, pony and miniature swine

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Gross and Subgross Anatomy of Lungs, Pleura, Connective Tissue Septa, Distal Airways, and Structural Units

Gross and Subgross Anatomy of Lungs, Pleura, Connective Tissue Septa, Distal Airways, and Structural Units

Physiologic responses and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses

Ascites in poultry

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