Unintentional Force Drifts as Consequences of Indirect Force Control with Spatial Referent Coordinates

Abolins, Valters; Latash, Mark L.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.006

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This hypothesis received indirect support in both clinical and brain imaging studies (Vaillancourt et al 2003 ; Poon et al 2012 ). It is not easily compatible, however, with the aforementioned study, which demonstrated smaller force drifts for more compliant loads (Abolins and Latash 2022 ). That study questioned the “memory hypothesis”, since the drifts did not define veridical or partly forgotten force magnitude changes, which also depended on the external loading conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Within this theoretical framework, unintentional force drifts are caused by drifts in one of the two basic commands or in both commands. This interpretation of force drifts has been supported by measurements of the mechanical reflections of the R - and C -commands (i.e., RC and k , Ambike et al 2016b ; Reschechtko and Latash 2017 , 2018 ) and by a study of force drifts against spring loads, which demonstrated smaller force drifts for more compliant loads (Abolins and Latash 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Positive values of ∆F TASK corresponded to increases in force, whereas negative values corresponded to decreases in force over time. Here and later, the 500-ms time windows were selected based on pilot and previous studies (e.g., Reschechtko and Latash 2017 ; Abolins and Latash 2022 ) as a pragmatic solution to avoid both amplifying data variability (for shorter time windows) and effectively averaging data over intervals of force drift (for longer time windows). This time window was used for all the main dependent variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force matching: motor effects that are not reported by the actor

Pawłowski,

Ricotta,

et al. 2024

Exp Brain Res

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We explored unintentional drifts of finger forces during force production and matching task. Based on earlier studies, we predicted that force matching with the other hand would reduce or stop the force drift in instructed fingers while uninstructed (enslaved) fingers remain unaffected. Twelve young, healthy, right-handed participants performed two types of tasks with both hands (task hand and match hand). The task hand produced constant force at 20% of MVC level with the Index and Ring fingers pressing in parallel on strain gauge force sensors. The Middle finger force wasn’t instructed, and its enslaved force was recorded. Visual feedback on the total force by the instructed fingers was either present throughout the trial or only during the first 5 s (no-feedback condition). The other hand matched the perceived force level of the task hand starting at either 4, 8, or 15 s from the trial initiation. No feedback was ever provided for the match hand force. After the visual feedback was removed, the task hand showed a consistent drift to lower magnitudes of total force. Contrary to our prediction, over all conditions, force matching caused a brief acceleration of force drift in the task hand, which then reached a plateau. There was no effect of matching on drifts in enslaved finger force. We interpret the force drifts within the theory of control with spatial referent coordinates as consequences of drifts in the command (referent coordinate) to the antagonist muscles. This command is not adequately incorporated into force perception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force matching: motor effects that are not reported by the actor

Pawłowski,

Ricotta,

et al. 2024

Exp Brain Res

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“…In addition to the above factors (the sense of effort), there may be other factors (the sense of tension) affecting fatigue. An ipsilateral force reproduction task is also a commonly used force sense test 11 . The indicator arm reproduces the previously generated reference force in the same hand in the ipsilateral force reproduction task, avoiding the interference of different forces between the tired (reference) arm and the untired opposite (indicator) arm and avoiding the interference of nerve transmission between the left and right hemispheres 27 – 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of pinch force sense after short-term fatigue

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The aim of this study was to identify the exact origin of force sense and identify whether it arises centrally or peripherally. The present study was designed to analyze the effects of short-term fatigue on pinch force sense and the duration of these effects. During the fatigue protocol, twenty (10 men and 10 women; Mage = 22.0 years old) young Chinese participants were asked to squeeze maximally until the pinch grip force decreased to 50% of its maximal due to fatigue. Participants were instructed to produce the target force (10% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction) using the same hand before and after fatigue (immediately, 10, 30, 60, 180, 300 s). The results showed significantly higher absolute error immediately after fatigue (1.22 ± 1.06 N) than before fatigue (0.68 ± 0.34 N), and 60 s (0.76 ± 0.69 N), 180 s (0.67 ± 0.42 N), and 300 s (0.75 ± 0.37 N) after fatigue (all P < 0.05) but with no effect on the variable error (P > 0.05). It was also revealed that there was a significant overestimate of the constant error values before (0.32 ± 0.61 N) and immediately after fatigue (0.80 ± 1.38 N, all P < 0.05), while no significant overestimation or underestimation exceeded 300 s after fatigue (P > 0.05). Our study results revealed that short-term fatigue resulted in a significant decrease in force sense accuracy, but it did not affect force sense consistently; however, force sense accuracy recovered to a certain extent within 10 s and 30 s, whereas it recovered fully within 60 s, and force sense directivity improvement exceeded 300 s after fatigue. The present study shows that the sense of tension (peripherally) is also an important factor affecting force sense. Our study supports the view that the periphery is part of the origin of force sense.

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The control and perception of antagonist muscle action

Latash

2022

Exp Brain Res

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Unintentional Force Drifts as Consequences of Indirect Force Control with Spatial Referent Coordinates

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Force matching: motor effects that are not reported by the actor

Force matching: motor effects that are not reported by the actor

Recovery of pinch force sense after short-term fatigue

The control and perception of antagonist muscle action

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