Unique virulence properties of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 – An emerging zoonotic pathogen using pigs as preferred reservoir host

Valentin‐Weigand, Peter; Heesemann, Jürgen; Dersch, Petra

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.07.008

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 125 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Yersiniosis at the enteric site typically goes away on its own in healthy people. In recent years, approximately 17% of patients in Germany were hospitalized for 4 days, with a few deaths accounted for individuals older than 60 years of age [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Found in Chitterlings, Raw Milk and Swine Fecal Samples

Drake¹,

Davis²,

Khatiwada³

et al. 2018

AiM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Foodborne illness is an escalating concern upon public health. The prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica was assessed in chitterlings, raw milk and swine fecal from North Carolina. Uncleaned thirty chitterling samples procured from a local grocery store, forty-five swine fecal samples, and forty unpasteurized cow milk samples supplied by the University farm were evaluated for the presence of Y. enterocolitica. Isolates identified as presumptive positive were characterized as colonies with a pink or deep-red center on MacConkey and CIN agar, and verified further through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of 16S rRNA gene for the Yersinia genera. Results showed that 4.4% swine fecal samples, 7.5% milk samples and 11.3% chitterling samples were presumptive positive for Y. enterocolitica by the direct plating method on selective agars. Of the thirty-chitterling samples examined by PCR for the 16S rRNA gene, 26% samples contained the identification gene for the bacteria of interest. After conducting virulence tests, the fecal samples were revealed as non-pathogenic. Only one of the milk samples were considered pathogenic and consisted of the following virulent genes: Yersinia heat-stable toxin (yst), invasion (inv), attachment invasion locus (ail), virulence regulon transcriptional activator (virF), Yersinia adehesin A (yadA), and the O:3 antigen gene (rfbC). Seven out of the eight (87.5%) chitterling samples were shown to be pathogenic. Disc diffusion was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Over half (55.5%) of the antimicrobial agents were found effective, with isolates being completely susceptible to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, trimethoprim, cefotaxime, and gentamycin. Ampicillin was determined to be least effective, where 84.6% of the samples presented resistance to the drug. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and ERIC-PCR techniques were used to evaluate genetic similarity among the Yersinia isolates.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Found in Chitterlings, Raw Milk and Swine Fecal Samples

Drake¹,

Davis²,

Khatiwada³

et al. 2018

AiM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Carriage of Y. enterocolitica is frequently reported in porcine tonsil and intestinal tissues (Martínez et al, 2011;McNally et al, 2004;Milnes et al, 2008) as well as faecal samples from cattle and sheep (McNally et al, 2004;Milnes et al, 2008). Human yersiniosis is generally a sporadic infection (Bottone, 1997;Drummond et al, 2012), however it is the third most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in developed countries, after Campylobacter and Salmonella (McNally et al, 2004;van Pelt et al, 2003;Rosner et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Yersinia enterocolitica are pathogenic: virulence of phylogroup 1 Y. enterocolitica in a Galleria mellonella infection model

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Yersinia enterocolitica is a zoonotic pathogen and a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. The species is composed of six diverse phylogroups, of which strains of phylogroup 1 are considered non-pathogenic to mammals due to the lack of the major virulence plasmid pYV, and their lack of virulence in a mouse infection model. In the present report we present data examining the pathogenicity of strains of Y. enterocolitica across all six phylogroups in a Galleria mellonellla model. We have demonstrated that in this model strains of phylogroup 1 exhibit severe pathogenesis with a lethal dose of as low as 10 c.f.u., that this virulence is an active process and that flagella play a major role in the virulence phenotype. We have also demonstrated that the complete lack of virulence in Galleria of the mammalian pathogenic phylogroups is not due to carriage of the pYV virulence plasmid. Our data suggest that all Y. enterocolitica can be pathogenic, which may be a reflection of the true natural habitat of the species, and that we may need to reconsider the eco-evo perspective of this important bacterial species.

show abstract

“…An analysis comparing the invasion properties of Y. enterocolitica O:3 and O:8 strains revealed that RovA stability is enhanced in Y. enterocolitica O:3 strains due to a P98S substitution in RovA. Y. enterocolitica O:3 is an emerging pathogen using pigs with a higher body temperature (39–41°C) as preferred reservoir hosts, and this stabilized RovA variant was found to improve persistence of the pathogen in the porcine intestinal tract ( Schaake et al, 2014 ; Valentin-Weigand et al, 2014 ). Most interestingly, SlyA, the close homolog of RovA from Salmonella with a very similar structure, is not a thermosensor and remains fully active and stable at 37°C.…”

Section: Regulatory Circuits Controlling Early Stages Of Host Colonizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory principles governing Salmonella and Yersinia virulence

Erhardt

Dersch

2015

Front. Microbiol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella and Yersinia evolved numerous strategies to survive and proliferate in different environmental reservoirs and mammalian hosts. Deciphering common and pathogen-specific principles for how these bacteria adjust and coordinate spatiotemporal expression of virulence determinants, stress adaptation, and metabolic functions is fundamental to understand microbial pathogenesis. In order to manage sudden environmental changes, attacks by the host immune systems and microbial competition, the pathogens employ a plethora of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control elements, including transcription factors, sensory and regulatory RNAs, RNAses, and proteases, to fine-tune and control complex gene regulatory networks. Many of the contributing global regulators and the molecular mechanisms of regulation are frequently conserved between Yersinia and Salmonella. However, the interplay, arrangement, and composition of the control elements vary between these closely related enteric pathogens, which generate phenotypic differences leading to distinct pathogenic properties. In this overview we present common and different regulatory networks used by Salmonella and Yersinia to coordinate the expression of crucial motility, cell adhesion and invasion determinants, immune defense strategies, and metabolic adaptation processes. We highlight evolutionary changes of the gene regulatory circuits that result in different properties of the regulatory elements and how this influences the overall outcome of the infection process.

show abstract

Unique virulence properties of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 – An emerging zoonotic pathogen using pigs as preferred reservoir host

Cited by 30 publications

References 125 publications

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Found in Chitterlings, Raw Milk and Swine Fecal Samples

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Found in Chitterlings, Raw Milk and Swine Fecal Samples

All Yersinia enterocolitica are pathogenic: virulence of phylogroup 1 Y. enterocolitica in a Galleria mellonella infection model

Regulatory principles governing Salmonella and Yersinia virulence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Unique virulence properties of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 – An emerging zoonotic pathogen using pigs as preferred reservoir host

Cited by 30 publications

References 125 publications

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of &lt;i&gt;Yersinia enterocolitica&lt;/i&gt; Found in Chitterlings, Raw Milk and Swine Fecal Samples

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of &lt;i&gt;Yersinia enterocolitica&lt;/i&gt; Found in Chitterlings, Raw Milk and Swine Fecal Samples

All Yersinia enterocolitica are pathogenic: virulence of phylogroup 1 Y. enterocolitica in a Galleria mellonella infection model

Regulatory principles governing Salmonella and Yersinia virulence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Found in Chitterlings, Raw Milk and Swine Fecal Samples

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> Found in Chitterlings, Raw Milk and Swine Fecal Samples