Uniquely extensive seismite from the latest Triassic of the United Kingdom: Evidence for bolide impact?

Simms, Michael J.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0557:uesftl>2.0.co;2

Cited by 84 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…5). The transition between the Westbury Formation and the Cotham Member is also complicated by the occurrence of soft-sediment deformation structures, interpreted as seismites (Simms, 2003;Lindström et al, 2015). The shallowing upward succession of the lower Cotham Member culminated in an erosional surface displaying mud-cracks up to 90 cm deep, separating the lower and upper Cotham Member (Hesselbo et al, 2004;Fig.…”

Section: St Audrie's Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A new correlation of Triassic–Jurassic boundary successions in NW Europe, Nevada and Peru, and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: A time-line for the end-Triassic mass extinction

Lindström

Schootbrugge

Hansen

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

112

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the end-Triassic mass extinction event (201.36 Ma) requires a clear insight into the stratigraphy of boundary sections, which allows for long-distance correlations and correct distinction of the sequence of events. However, even after the ratification of a Global Stratotype Section and Point, global correlations of TJB successions are hampered by the fact that many of the traditionally used fossil groups were severely affected by the crisis. Here, a new correlation of key TJB successions in Europe, U.S.A. and Peru, based on a combination of biotic (palynology and ammonites), geochemical (δ 13 C org ) and radiometric (U/Pb ages) constraints, is presented. This new correlation has an impact on the causality and temporal development during the end-Triassic event. It challenges the hitherto used standard correlation, which has formed the basis for a hypothesis that the extinction was caused by more or less instantaneous release of large quantities of light carbon (methane) to the atmosphere, with catastrophic global warming as a consequence. The new correlation instead advocates a more prolonged scenario with a series of feedback mechanisms, as it indicates that the bulk of the hitherto dated, high-titanium, quartz normalized volcanism of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) preceded or was contemporaneous to the onset of the mass extinction. In addition, the maximum phase of the mass extinction, which affected both the terrestrial and marine ecosystems, was associated with a major regression and repeated, enhanced earthquake activity in Europe. A subsequent transgression resulted in the formation of hiati or condensed successions in many areas in Europe. Later phases of volcanic activity of the CAMP, producing low titanium, quartz normalized and high-iron, quartz normalized basaltic rocks, continued close to the first occurrence of Jurassic ammonites and the defined TJB. During this time the terrestrial ecosystem had begun to recover, but the marine ecosystem remained disturbed.

show abstract

Section: St Audrie's Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time Europe was affected by intense repeated seismicity (Lindström et al, 2015). The earthquake activity more or less culminated during the maximum regression, as exemplified by the St. Audrie's Bay record (Simms, 2003(Simms, , 2007. The organic δ 13 C-record generally exhibits less depleted values.…”

Section: Timeline For End-triassic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new correlation of Triassic–Jurassic boundary successions in NW Europe, Nevada and Peru, and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: A time-line for the end-Triassic mass extinction

Lindström

Schootbrugge

Hansen

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

112

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CAMP de velop ment and re lated pro cesses (vol ca nic de gas sing, thermogenic meth ane re lease, meth ane hy drate dis so ci a tion) are com monly in ferred as trig gers of biogeochemical cy cle destabilization, cli mate shifts and other global en vi ron men tal changes which in turn led to TJB mass ex tinc tion. Al ter na tive hy poth e ses con sid ered changes in palaeoceanography (Hallam and Wignall, 1999) and ex tra ter res trial im pact (Olsen et al, 2002;Simms, 2003). Some au thors have fo cused on ocean acid i fi ca tion and a biocalcification cri sis (Hautmann, 2004;Hautmann et al, 2008;Racki, 2010;Richoz et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic disaster at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary - a clay minerals and major elements record from the Polish Basin

Brański

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute -Na tional Re search In sti tute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Po land Brañski, P., 2014. Cli ma tic di sas ter at the Tri as sic-Ju ras sic bound ary -a clay min er als and ma jor el e ments re cord from the Pol ish Ba sin. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 58 (2): 291-310, doi: 10.7306/gq.1161The Tri as sic-Ju ras sic bound ary in ter val (ca. 201 Ma) was a time of sud den global en vi ron men tal changes trig gered by Pangea breakup and Cen tral At lan tic Mag matic Prov ince de vel op ment. The bulk-rock min er al ogy, clay min er al ogy and major el e ment geo chem is try of 87 con ti nen tal mudrock sam ples col lected from four bore hole cores yield in for ma tion on Rhaetian-ear li est Hettangian palaeoclimatic changes in the Pol ish Ba sin. Dur ing the Rhaetian, smectite pre pon der ance was re placed by kaolinite and illite dom i na tion. This fun da men tal shift in clay min eral as sem blages (sup ported by ma jor el ement data) in di cates very sig nif i cant change in cli mate hu mid ity. More over, some beds in the Zagaje For ma tion (Up per Rhaetian-Lower Hettangian) are par tic u larly rich in kaolinite in di cat ing ex treme chem i cal weath er ing in hu mid-sub trop i cal to trop i cal cli mate ep i sodes in the af ter math of pow er ful warm ing and abun dant rain fall. Im por tantly, the first dis tinct kaolinite en rich ment ap pears al ready in the Lower Rhaetian Wielichowo Beds. In ad di tion, abrupt and ep i sodic shifts in the kaolinite-illite ra tio and in val ues of weath er ing in di ces point to pro found cli mate de sta bi li sa tion and a se quence of fre quent, cat a strophic cli ma tic re ver sals in the Late Rhaetian and at the Tri as sic-Ju ras sic bound ary. These re sults are gen er ally consis tent with car bon iso tope re cords in sec tions world wide.Key words: Tri as sic-Ju ras sic bound ary, clay min er als, ma jor el e ments, weath er ing re gime, palaeoclimatic shifts, Pol ish Ba sin.

show abstract

“…Two non-crater impact structures were added: (a) Simms (2003Simms ( , 2007 has identified a seismite layer which appears to have been created from another large impact, yielding perhaps a 40-50 km unidentified crater, at least 600 km west or northwest of central Britain; and (b) the Australasian tektites have been added; their source crater too has not been identified, but published estimates of its size range from 30 to 120 km (Lee & Wei 2000). Thus the database comprises 41 well-dated impact structures covering the last 500 Myr.…”

Section: Bombardment Episodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant comets and mass extinctions of life

Napier

2015

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I find evidence for clustering in age of well-dated impact craters over the last 500 Myr. At least nine impact episodes are identified, with durations whose upper limits are set by the dating accuracy of the craters. Their amplitudes and frequency are inconsistent with an origin in asteroid breakups or Oort cloud disturbances, but are consistent with the arrival and disintegration in near-Earth orbits of rare, giant comets, mainly in transit from the Centaur population into the Jupiter family and Encke regions. About 1 in 10 Centaurs in Chiron-like orbits enter Earth-crossing epochs, usually repeatedly, each such epoch being generally of a few thousand years duration. On time-scales of geological interest, debris from their breakup may increase the mass of the near-Earth interplanetary environment by two or three orders of magnitude, yielding repeated episodes of bombardment and stratospheric dusting. I find a strong correlation between these bombardment episodes and major biostratigraphic and geological boundaries, and propose that episodes of extinction are most effectively driven by prolonged encounters with meteoroid streams during bombardment episodes. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

show abstract

Uniquely extensive seismite from the latest Triassic of the United Kingdom: Evidence for bolide impact?

Cited by 84 publications

References 17 publications

A new correlation of Triassic–Jurassic boundary successions in NW Europe, Nevada and Peru, and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: A time-line for the end-Triassic mass extinction

A new correlation of Triassic–Jurassic boundary successions in NW Europe, Nevada and Peru, and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province: A time-line for the end-Triassic mass extinction

Climatic disaster at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary - a clay minerals and major elements record from the Polish Basin

Giant comets and mass extinctions of life

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About