Unmodifiable variables related to thyroid cancer incidence

Abstract

The incidence of thyroid cancer is significantly different between male and female patients. Thyroid cancer is also the only form of cancer where age can be considered a staging variable. Identifying biological prognostic factors such as age or sex is important as it helps select an optimal personalized therapy. The present analysis is an observational, prospective study that enrolled all patients with thyroid disease who were operated upon at a single center. The study aimed to determine the most frequent age at presentation, the predominance of one sex over the other, the incidence of malignant thyroid disease, and the relative risk for each sex to develop thyroid carcinoma. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma was higher for women than for men, with a higher relative risk in the female subgroup. Incidence was also highest in the 50-60-year-old group. Given that studies show better survival for women and for younger patients, even when presenting with advanced disease, compared with older, male patients, such prognostic indicators should be a factor in the treatment decision.

Main Prognostic Factors for Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Analis of Combined Patients Treatment Results during 20 Years after Surgery

“…Nevertheless, our results support a conclusion stating the male sex to be generally a poor WDTK prognostic factor [5,15,16]. The analysis of patients age-dependent cumulative survival was carried out for 4 patients groups; it is recently recommended taking into consideration actual discussion about the necessity of age border correction (before and after 45 years) being accounted during the disease stage determination according to the 7th version of the TNM Classification [5,9,10,[15][16][17]. The worst results among the cohort patients are found for persons above 60 ( Figure 1А), whilst the survival index for 19-60 years old patients fluctuates in limits 98.0-99.9 %, reaching 100 % for persons below 18 ( Table 1).…”

“…According to some data, the sex has been determined as a probable prognostic factor using onefactorial analysis; the multifactorial analysis approach, however, has not confirmed this assertion [14]. Nevertheless, our results support a conclusion stating the male sex to be generally a poor WDTK prognostic factor [5,15,16]. The analysis of patients age-dependent cumulative survival was carried out for 4 patients groups; it is recently recommended taking into consideration actual discussion about the necessity of age border correction (before and after 45 years) being accounted during the disease stage determination according to the 7th version of the TNM Classification [5,9,10,[15][16][17].…”

“…Thus, we have confirmed male sex and age above 60 to be significant negative prognostic factors for WDTC patients [5]. Although it is shown the WDTC morbidity to become more frequent in women following menopause establishment due to decrease of estrogens protective action, the masculine sex, however, remains to be a significant negative prognosis factor in elderly persons (the women survival is better even in cases of their more severe disease course comparing to their men contemporaries [15]. This conclusion is illustrated by our data on the mortality level for cohort patients above 60: the morbidity level in men is twice higher comparing to the contemporary women's one 7.2% (34/469) for women and 15.7% (16/102) for men (Р<0.05).…”

Associations between Prognostic Factors Determining the Survival of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma Patients

“…Our results, however, support conclusions suggesting the male sex to be an unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with papillary carcinoma [7,10,13]. Analysis of age-dependent cumulative patients survival has been carried out for 4 patient groups, as it is currently recommended, taking into consideration a recent discussion regarding the necessity of age limit correction (before and after 45 years), this limit being taken into account when the disease stage is to be determined [3,5,7,9,10,13]. Among our cohort patients, the worst results have been found for persons above 60 років.…”

Merkel Cell Carcinoma - A Rare Form of Skin Cancer with New Therapeutic Options

“…Follow-up during treatment included physical and dermatological examinations, biological tests, including TSH, FT3, FT4 and imaging revaluation at six months [35,36].…”