“…[90] and [91], 0.2 (20% nanoparticles) in Refs. [59], [61], [87] and [92] to [103], 0.23 (23% nanoparticles) [42], 0.3 (30% nanoparticles) as presented in [55], [104], [105], and 0.4 (40% nanoparticles) [106]. Therefore, this range has been taken here for 0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.4, as one of this research aims is to investigate the behaviour of the nanofluids flow via this range.…”