Untangling the Complex Associations between Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics and Prenatal Detection and Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

Recent literature has established a strong foundation examining the associations between socioeconomic/demographic characteristics and outcomes for congenital heart disease. These associations are found beginning in fetal life and influence rates of prenatal detection, access to timely and appropriate delivery room and neonatal interventions, and surgical and other early childhood outcomes. This review takes a broad look at the existing literature and identifies gaps in the current body of research, particularly as it pertains to disparities in the prenatal detection of congenital heart disease within the United States. It also proposes further research and interventions to address these health disparities.