Two-dimensional
intrinsic ferromagnets with high Curie temperature and large perpendicular
magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are promising candidates for data storage
and spintronics applications. In this work, first-principle calculations
and Monte Carlo simulation are used to investigate the stability,
electronic structure, and magnetic anisotropy of monolayers of CrSeX
(X = Cl, Br, I). It is found that monolayer CrSeX (X = Cl, Br, I)
species are two-dimensional intrinsic ferromagnets and are thermally
stable at room temperature. It is worth noting that the Curie temperatures
of monolayer CrSeX (X = Cl, Br, I) can reach or even exceed room temperature,
and a strong PMA can be obtained in monolayer CrSeI. Interestingly,
the PMA of monolayer CrSeI is mainly provided by the nonmetallic I
atom with large spin–orbit coupling and magnetic anisotropy
of the nonmetallic I atom reaching up to 0.572 meV/I atom, which is
comparable to that of metallic Fe atoms at Fe/MgO interfaces. In contrast
to monolayer CrSeI, monolayer CrSeCl and CrSeBr possess weak in-plane
magnetic anisotropy, and their easily magnetized direction is the
[100] axis. By analyzing the projected density of states and the p-orbital-resolved
magnetic anisotropy energy of the nonmetallic I atom based on second-order
perturbation theory, we find that the large PMA of monolayer CrSeI
is mainly provided by the matrix element difference between the spin-up
p
x
and p
y
states
of the nonmetallic I atoms, and the difference between it and the
matrix element difference between the spin-up p
y
and p
z
states of the nonmetallic
I atoms in the case of the magnetic moment aligning [100] and [010]
axes is the reason why the energy of monolayer CrSeI for the magnetic
moment aligning [100] axis is smaller than the energy for the magnetic
moment aligning [010] axis. This study suggests that monolayer CrSeI
is a promising candidate for future applications in spintronic devices.