Unveiling the hybrid interface in polymer nanocomposites enclosing silsesquioxanes with tunable molecular structure: Spectroscopic, thermal and mechanical properties

D’Arienzo, Massimiliano; Dirè, Sandra; Redaelli, Matteo; Borovin, Evgeny; Callone, Emanuela; Credico, Barbara Di; Morazzoni, Franca; Pegoretti, Alessandro; Scotti, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.094

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Rubber is a widespread material for many applications in everyday life, the most significant being pneumatic tires for automobiles. Its mechanical properties (such as tensile strength and abrasion resistance [40]) are generally improved by the addition of reinforcing filler NPs [41], as carbon black, silica, and clays, typically employed to produce nanocomposites (NCs) for tires with improved abrasion resistance, wet grip, and rolling resistance [42][43][44][45][46][47]. NCs mechanical properties are further increased by the cross-linking of rubber chains through the vulcanization to form a three-dimensional network, which provides elasticity and tensile strength.…”

Section: Rubber Vulcanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc-Based Curing Activators: New Trends for Reducing Zinc Content in Rubber Vulcanization Process

et al. 2019

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The efficiency of sulfur vulcanization reaction in rubber industry is generally improved thanks to the combined use of accelerators (as sulphenamides), activators (inorganic oxides), and co-activators (fatty acids). The interaction among these species is responsible for the formation of intermediate metal complexes, which are able to increase the reactivity of sulfur towards the polymer and to promote the chemical cross-links between the rubber chains. The high number of species and reactions that are involved contemporarily in the process hinders the complete understanding of its mechanism despite the long history of vulcanization. In this process, ZnO is considered to be the most efficient and major employed activator and zinc-based complexes that formed during the first steps of the reaction are recognized to play a main role in determining both the kinetic and the nature of the cross-linked products. However, the low affinity of ZnO towards the rubber entails its high consumption (3–5 parts per hundred, phr) to achieve a good distribution in the matrix, leading to a possible zinc leaching in the environment during the life cycle of rubber products (i.e., tires). Thanks to the recent recognition of ZnO ecotoxicity, especially towards the aquatic environment, these aspects gain a critical importance in view of the urgent need to reduce or possibly substitute the ZnO employed in rubber vulcanization. In this review, the reactivity of ZnO as curing activator and its role in the vulcanization mechanism are highlighted and deeply discussed. A complete overview of the recent strategies that have been proposed in the literature to improve the vulcanization efficiency by reducing the amount of zinc that is used in the process is also reported.

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Section: Rubber Vulcanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc-Based Curing Activators: New Trends for Reducing Zinc Content in Rubber Vulcanization Process

et al. 2019

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“…These inorganic polymeric materials can provide both remarkable thermomechanical properties and water repellency, owing to the presence of tunable peripheral organic groups, which may also offer compatibility, dispersion stability, and reactivity [28][29][30][31]. PSQs can be classified into either random or random branched structures [32], polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) [33][34][35][36][37][38], and fully condensed ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes with double-stranded backbones (LPSQs) [39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SiO2/Ladder-Like Polysilsesquioxanes Nanocomposite Coatings: Playing with the Hybrid Interface for Tuning Thermal Properties and Wettability

et al. 2020

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The present study explores the exploitation of ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes (PSQs) bearing reactive functional groups in conjunction with SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to produce UV-curable nanocomposite coatings with increased hydrophobicity and good thermal resistance. In detail, a medium degree regular ladder-like structured poly (methacryloxypropyl) silsesquioxane (LPMASQ) and silica NPs, either naked or functionalized with a methacrylsilane (SiO2@TMMS), were blended and then irradiated in the form of a film. Material characterization evidenced significant modifications of the structural organization of the LPMASQ backbone and, in particular, a rearrangement of the silsesquioxane chains at the interface upon introduction of the functionalized silica NPs. This leads to remarkable thermal resistance and enhanced hydrophobic features in the final nanocomposite. The results suggest that the adopted strategy, in comparison with mostly difficult and expensive surface modification and structuring protocols, may provide tailored functional properties without modifying the surface roughness or the functionalities of silsesquioxanes, but simply tuning their interactions at the hybrid interface with silica fillers.

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“…The performance of SSQs is determined not only by the initial monomer structure, but also the synthetic condition . In a sol‐gel process, SSQs are synthesized from the hydrolysis and polycondensation of trialkoxysilane or trichlorosilane.…”

Section: General Features Of Ssqsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SSQ materials composed of robust silica cores and functional groups at the corners have unique chemical and physical properties. As organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, SSQs exhibit chemical and thermal resistance as well as mechanical strength, which originates from the inorganic Si–O–Si framework . SSQs also have flexibility and compatibility with polymers and biological systems, which are served by the organic component.…”

Section: General Features Of Ssqsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silsesquioxanes (SSQs) are a family of organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials obtained from the hydrolysis and polycondensation of trialkoxysilane or trichlorosilane monomers containing organic groups . SSQs can have a range of properties, such as high chemical and thermal resistance, biocompatibility, and luminescence, depending on the type of precursor used for synthesis . The main reason for the development of SSQ‐containing hybrid nanomaterials lies in the combination of inorganic and organic moieties on the nanoscale or even molecular scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silsesquioxane‐Containing Hybrid Nanomaterials: Fascinating Platforms for Advanced Applications

Dong

2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Silsesquioxanes (SSQs), with the general formula, (RSiO1.5)n—where R stands for an organic group, such as alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, or H—are a type of molecular‐level organic/inorganic hybrid silica‐based material. These materials contain reactive or nonreactive organic moieties as well as inorganic Si–O–Si frameworks. In the past few years, extensive efforts have been made using SSQs to construct multifunctional nanocomposites with suitable properties for a range of applications. In this review, the recent various applications of SSQ‐containing hybrid materials are discussed, in addition to updates of the nanocomposite applications. Various physical structures and chemical reactions in SSQ‐based hybrid nanomaterials are emphasized with regard to applications in the field of polymer nanocomposites, catalysts, adsorption, sensors, and biomedicine. This review focuses on results reported in the recent five years (2013–2018).

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Unveiling the hybrid interface in polymer nanocomposites enclosing silsesquioxanes with tunable molecular structure: Spectroscopic, thermal and mechanical properties

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Zinc-Based Curing Activators: New Trends for Reducing Zinc Content in Rubber Vulcanization Process

Zinc-Based Curing Activators: New Trends for Reducing Zinc Content in Rubber Vulcanization Process

SiO2/Ladder-Like Polysilsesquioxanes Nanocomposite Coatings: Playing with the Hybrid Interface for Tuning Thermal Properties and Wettability

Silsesquioxane‐Containing Hybrid Nanomaterials: Fascinating Platforms for Advanced Applications

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