Update in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2018

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this Update, we review the progress made in 2018 on mechanisms of disease, clinical epidemiology, and therapeutic options and highlight areas for future research.

[Retracted] N‐Acetylcysteine Improves Inflammatory Response in COPD Patients by Regulating Th17/Treg Balance through Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐1α Pathway

“…COPD manifests as a series of overlapping phenotypes, including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, small airway disease, and frequent exacerbations. Despite differences in pathology, they share many common but complex pathogenetic processes, including inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autoimmunity [2][3][4][5][6].…”

“…In recent years, lymphocytes, especially CD4+ T cells involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, have become an active topic of research [ 3 , 5 , 6 , 12 ]. Studies have revealed that the imbalance between T helper (Th)17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells played a vital role in the development and outcome of COPD [ 5 , 12 ].…”

Processo De Enfermagem Sob a Luz Teórica-Metodológica De Callista Roy Aplicado Ao Paciente Com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica

“…A DPOC está entre as principais causas de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo, sobretudo, em casos mais avançando da doença (MIRANDA et al, 2016) configurando-se como problema global de saúde pública (XIN-XIA et al, 2020). Apesar dos fatores diretamente relacionados ao desenvolvimento dessa patologia, como o uso de tabaco, estudos apontam como fortes agentes causadores a poluição ambiental e o desmatamento (LABAKI et al, 2019).…”