Update on Nitazoxanide: A Multifunctional Chemotherapeutic Agent

Abstract

These potentially versatile molecular interactions of NTZ within invading pathogen(s) and immunomodulatory efficacy over the hosts, justify the multifunctional chemotherapeutic significance of this chemical agent.

The Combination Rifampin-Nitazoxanide, but Not Rifampin-Isoniazid-Pyrazinamide-Ethambutol, Kills Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hypoxia at Neutral pH

“…Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial with a good safety profile approved by the FDA for treatment of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections (14). The drug is also active against viruses and anaerobic/microaerophilic bacteria and helminthes (14).…”

Advances in respiratory virus therapeutics – A meeting report from the 6th isirv Antiviral Group conference

“…Randomized phase 2 study evaluating nitazoxanide versus placebo in hospitalized subjects with severe acute respiratory illness John Beigel, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a small inhibitor used extensively for treatment of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections, and is being explored for the treatment of influenza and other influenza-like illnesses (ILI) (Rossignol, 2014;Shakya et al, 2018) such as parainfluenza (PIV), RSV, canine coronavirus, rhinovirus and influenza (Haffizulla et al, 2014;Piacentini et al, 2018;Rossignol, 2014;Stachulski et al, 2017). Moreover, NTZ is shown to be synergistic with oseltamivir and zanamivir (Belardo et al, 2011).…”

Next-Generation Phenotypic Screening in Early Drug Discovery for Infectious Diseases

“…At this time, polypharmacology is not well understood, and it often eludes experimental design, making it difficult to even rule out (e.g., see Box 1). In the case of NTZ there is evidence that polypharmacology arises from multiple mechanisms, including metabolic, immunomodulatory host-cell/pathogen, tissue and cellular responses [50], oxidative stress [51], and in a manner additive with other known antileishmanials [51,52].…”