Update on Peste des petits ruminants status in South East Nigeria: serological and farmers’ awareness investigation, and potential risk factors

Chukwudi, Ijeoma Chekwube; Ogbu, Kenneth Ikejiofor; Nwabueze, Adaeze Lilian; Olaolu, Olushola Samuel; Ugochukwu, Emmanuel Ikenna; Chah, Kennedy F.

doi:10.1007/s11250-020-02359-7

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Also reported by at least one study were: erosions on the gums, necrosis of the dorsal surface of the tongue, whitish membranous covering all over the buccal cavity, corneal opacity, congestion and hepatization of the lungs, pneumonia, oral necrotizing and ulcerative stomatitis, congestion/distension in the large intestine and death in severe cases. Abortion was linked to PPR in three articles ( 35 , 40 , 47 ) and Wachida et al ( 35 ) also reported infertility, stillbirth and mortality at weaning. Clinical signs were not reported in the papers that considered camels ( 6 – 8 , 31 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the articles reviewed, several methods were used to identify previous or current PPR infection in Nigeria. A total of 18/37 (48.6%) articles determined sero-prevalence using serological tests including the competitive-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) directed against the hemagglutinin ( H ) antigen ( n = 8) ( 6 – 8 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 45 , 48 ) or nucleoprotein ( N ) ( n = 6) ( 31 , 34 , 44 , 47 , 49 , 50 ) of the PPR virus, the virus neutralization test (VNT; n = 2) ( 8 , 15 ) and/or the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test ( n = 1) ( 46 ) ( Supplementary Table 1 ). One study utilized both the VNT and cELISA for determination of seroprevalence ( 8 ), and two studies used an ELISA but did not provide specific details regarding the type of test or target protein ( 35 , 51 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven studies compared PPRV seroprevalence between male and female animals ( 6 , 7 , 15 , 47 , 49 – 51 ). In goats ( n = 5 studies) seroprevalence for males ranged from 8.2 to 63.2% and for females 36.9%−81.3%; in sheep ( n = 3) for males 20.5%−60.0% and for females 41.9% - 60.0%; and in camels ( n = 2) for males 3.3%−10.3% and for females 3.6%−25.4%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Nigeria: A Review

et al. 2022

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a major constraint to the productivity of small ruminants in Nigeria. Understanding of the current epidemiological status of PPR is crucial to its effective control. A review of the epidemiology of PPR in Nigeria was performed and research gaps were identified. Thirty-seven eligible articles were reviewed: these presented information from 30 of the 36 states of Nigeria. Most studies focused on goats and/or sheep (n= 33) but camels (n= 4), cattle (n= 1) and wild ruminants (n= 2) were also considered. Fourteen (37.8%) of the articles reported seroprevalence in small ruminants, which varied from 0.0% to 77.5% where more than 10 animals were sampled. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis were performed in 6 studies, with lineages II and IV, detected in sheep and goats. In one study in small ruminants, sequences clustering into lineage I showed a similarity to the vaccine strain, Nigeria 75/1, based on phylogenetic analysis ofFgene sequences. However, if the preferred method of sequencing theNgene had been performed, this isolate would have been grouped into lineage II. According toNgene phylogenetic analysis in the other studies, sequences were identified that clustered with clade II-NigA, II-NigB (closely related to the Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain), and others which were well separated, suggesting a high diversity of PPRV in Nigeria. Five articles reported the detection of lineage IV in 22/36 states, with IV-NigA and IV-NigB detected, highlighting its widespread distribution in Nigeria. Risk factors for PPRV seropositivity were reported in 10/37 (27.0%) articles, with a higher seroprevalence observed in female animals, although differing results were observed when considering species and age separately. There were inconsistencies in study design and data reporting between studies which precluded conduct of a meta-analysis. Nevertheless, several research gaps were identified including the need to investigate the low uptake of PPRV vaccine, and the economic benefits of PPR control measures to small ruminant farmers. Such data will inform PPR control strategies in Nigeria and subsequently contribute to the global 2030 PPR eradication strategy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Nigeria: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…Also, the goats used in this study had no history of vaccination. It is worthy to note that the practices of taking sick animals to the markets for sale and also lack of awareness of PPR vaccination among small ruminant farmers have been reported to be potential risk factors of PPR prevalence in the study area [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) has been identified as one of the major diseases that pose a serious challenge to small ruminant farming [1]. This infection is an acute, highly contagious, transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats, causing devastating disease that poses a threat to livestock production in many developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Efficacy of Two Antibiotics for the Management of Secondary Bacterial Infection in Goats Clinically Affected by Peste des Petits Ruminants

Chukwudi

Eguji

Jeremiah

et al. 2021

IJTDH

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Aims: Peste des petits Ruminants (PPR) is a major viral disease that poses a challenge to small ruminant farming. Its natural occurrence has been complicated by secondary bacterial infection which has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. This study reports the management outcome of natural PPR-infected goats using two types of antibiotics in Nsukka metropolis of Enugu State Nigeria. Methodology: Goats (N=24) were confirmed to be suffering from PPR based on clinical signs and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The animals were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with 20% oxytetracycline (N= 10) and group B with procaine penicillin and streptomycin combination (penstrept) (N= 14) injection. Clinical signs, recovery and survivability, temperature, haematology [Packed cell volume (PCV); haemoglobin concentration (Hbconc); red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts] and some serum biochemical profiles [alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate transaminase (AST); total protein (TP); Albumin; urea; creatinine; potassium and sodium] were used to assess the efficacy of the antibiotics using standard techniques. Results: The mean temperature, RBC, WBC and urea values of the PPR-infected goats were above their reference ranges, mean albumin values were below the reference range while mean Hbconc, PCV, AST, ALT, TP and creatinine values were within their reference range before the commencement of treatment. Following treatment, clinical signs cleared in 20% and 35.7% of the goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively. Death was recorded in 20% and 15% of goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively before the end of treatment. Penstrep-treated group showed improvement in their haematological profile. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the use of penstrep in the management of PPR-infected goats gave a better result.

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