Update on the effect of exogenous hormone use on glioma risk in women: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies

Lan, Yu‐Long; Wang, Xun; Lou, Jiacheng; Ma, Binbin; Xing, Jinyan; Zou, Shuang; Zhang, Bo

doi:10.1007/s11060-017-2725-0

Cited by 16 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Several teams showed that the risk of developing GBM is reduced in women who have taken contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) containing a mixture of estrogens and progestins suggesting a protective role of the female hormone, whereas other studies reported a deleterious effect of pregnancy on glioma anaplastic progression [50][51][52].…”

Section: Clinical Data: the Female Hormone Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to explain the differential incidence between men and women, many studies addressed the impact of exogenous hormone intake on glioma onset. A recent meta-analysis carried out on five patient cohorts and 11 case-control studies for a total of 8,055,027 women addressed the effect of exogenous hormone use on glioma risk [52]. The age of the patients was very variable among the selected studies preventing an age-related analysis.…”

Section: Contraceptive Pills and Hormone Replacement Therapy: The Twomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astrocytoma: A Hormone-Sensitive Tumor?

Hirtz

Rech

Dubois-Pot-Schneider

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Astrocytomas and, in particular, their most severe form, glioblastoma, are the most aggressive primary brain tumors and those with the poorest vital prognosis. Standard treatment only slightly improves patient survival. Therefore, new therapies are needed. Very few risk factors have been clearly identified but many epidemiological studies have reported a higher incidence in men than women with a sex ratio of 1:4. Based on these observations, it has been proposed that the neurosteroids and especially the estrogens found in higher concentrations in women’s brains could, in part, explain this difference. Estrogens can bind to nuclear or membrane receptors and potentially stimulate many different interconnected signaling pathways. The study of these receptors is even more complex since many isoforms are produced from each estrogen receptor encoding gene through alternative promoter usage or splicing, with each of them potentially having a specific role in the cell. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent data supporting the involvement of steroids during gliomagenesis and to focus on the potential neuroprotective role as well as the mechanisms of action of estrogens in gliomas.

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Section: Clinical Data: the Female Hormone Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contraceptive Pills and Hormone Replacement Therapy: The Twomentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytoma: A Hormone-Sensitive Tumor?

Hirtz

Rech

Dubois-Pot-Schneider

et al. 2020

IJMS

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show abstract

“…[ 14 ] In congruence, recent meta-analysis studies show that women who have used exogenous estrogen (either oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy) have lower risk of glioma compared to nonusers. [ 15 16 ] It is known that steroid hormones can easily pass through the blood–brain barrier. [ 17 ] Moreover, enzymes responsible for the synthesis of estrogens and androgens have also been detected in GBM cells, along with the expression of their respective receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the role of estrogens and androgens in glial tumorigenesis

Daswani¹,

Khan²

2021

J Carcinog

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Gliomas are more common in males than in females. Emerging evidence from several studies in vitro and in vivo have shown the role of estrogens and androgens in glial tumorigenesis. In recent times, studies have also shed light on the actions of estrogen receptors, alpha and beta, and androgen receptor. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research hitherto on estrogens and androgens along with an emphasis on their receptors in glioma pathophysiology. Studies with conflicting results are discussed and future possibilities are put forward. A collective understanding of the studies on these steroid hormones in glioma may serve to create an amalgamated therapeutic approach; and thereby, augment the efforts in tackling this deadly disease.

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“…Most recently, in 2018, a meta-analysis of casecontrol and cohort studies showed that a decreased risk of gliomas is associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Despite the contradictions, the evidence suggests that the use of exogenous female gonadal steroid hormones decreases the probability of developing a glioma [97], which supports the idea of female gonadal steroid hormones' protection against glioma development. However, it is essential to note that the most used contraceptives combine estrogens and progestins, then the effects of this therapy are caused by this combination, and not by only estrogens or only progestins.…”

Section: Risk Of Glioblastoma Associated To Exogenous Female Gonadal Steroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones

Bello-Álvarez

2021

Biol Sex Differ

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Background As in other types of cancers, sex is an essential factor in the origin and progression of glioblastomas. Research in the field of endocrinology and cancer suggests that gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in the progression and prevalence of glioblastomas. In the present review, we aim to discuss the actions and mechanism triggered by gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Main body Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. According to the epidemiological data, glioblastomas are more frequent in men than in women in a 1.6/1 proportion both in children and adults. This evidence, and the knowledge about sex influence over the prevalence of countless diseases, suggest that male gonadal steroid hormones, such as testosterone, promote glioblastomas growth. In contrast, a protective role of female gonadal steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) against glioblastomas has been questioned. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate a variety of effects induced by female and male gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Several studies indicate that pregnancy, a physiological state with the highest progesterone and estradiol levels, accelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytomas to glioblastomas and increases the symptoms associated with these tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that progesterone has a dual role in glioblastoma cells: physiological concentrations promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while very high doses (out physiological range) reduce cell proliferation and increases cell death. Conclusion Gonadal steroid hormones can stimulate the progression of glioblastomas through the increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the effects mentioned above depend on the concentrations of these hormones and the receptor involved in hormone actions. Estradiol and progesterone can exert promoter or protective effects while the role of testosterone has been always associated to glioblastomas progression.

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Update on the effect of exogenous hormone use on glioma risk in women: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Astrocytoma: A Hormone-Sensitive Tumor?

Astrocytoma: A Hormone-Sensitive Tumor?

Insights into the role of estrogens and androgens in glial tumorigenesis

Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones

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