Updated Views in Targeted Therapy in the Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent form of lung cancer and represents a set of histological entities that have an ominous long-term prognosis, for example, adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer are the main causes of oncological death and the oncological diseases with the highest incidence worldwide. With regard to clinical approaches for NSCLC, several advances have been achieved in diagnosis and treatment; the analysis of different molecular markers has led to the development of new targeted therapies that have improved the prognosis for selected patients. Despite this, most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage, presenting a limited life expectancy with an ominous short-term prognosis. Numerous molecular alterations have been described in recent years, allowing for the development of therapies directed against specific therapeutic targets. The correct identification of the expression of different molecular markers has allowed for the individualization of treatment throughout the disease course, expanding the available therapeutic arsenal. The purpose of this article is to summarize the main characteristics of NSCLC and the advances that have occurred in the use of targeted therapies, thus explaining the limitations that have been observed in the management of this disease.

Synthesis and Characterization of Thymoquinone‐Oxime (TQ‐Ox) from Thymoquinone and Evaluation of its Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Apoptotic Potential in Lung Cancer Cells (A549) in vitro

“…Despite significant progress in diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for lung cancer patients remains unfavorable. Standard therapies often yield inadequate responses, except for cases where the cancer is localized [25,26] . However, by deepening our knowledge of biology relevant to these complex malignancies, we may be able to develop more effective and precise drugs.…”

Efficacy of first‐line treatment options beyond RET‐TKIs in advanced RET‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer: A multi‐center real‐world study

“…As a rare subtype of NSCLC, RET rearrangement predicts rapid disease progression and poor outcomes 24 . Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease, with young age and frequent central nervous system metastasis 25,26 . Timely and effective first‐line interventions are crucial for improving survival.…”

“…It is reported selpercatinib and pralsetinib generated an ORR of 70%-85% and a intracranial response rate of 91% in the first-line setting for patients at advanced stages. 23,[25][26][27][28] Although RET-TKIs are the preferred firstline options, most patients choose chemotherapy combined T A B L E 2 Adverse events based on different treatment options. with bevacizumab and/or ICIs because of the high cost or specific AEs in real-world data.…”

Construction of an immune-related gene prognostic model with experimental validation and analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma

“…Lung cancer is primarily divided into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer based on histopathological features ( 2 ). Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for >40% of NSCLC ( 3 ) and is a common type of lung cancer tissue ( 4 ). LUAD patients are typically older when diagnosed, at a later disease stage, possess a worse prognosis, and have a 5-year survival rate <20% ( 5 ).…”