Updates on Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

Introduction -Gestational diabetes mellitus refers to hyperglycemia diagnosed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Its prevalence ranges from <1% to 28% depending on the country and diagnostic criteria. Goals -literature review updating concepts, diagnosis and new therapeutic possibilities in gestational diabetes. Methodology -bibliographic review, with descriptors: diabetes and pregnancy, high risk pregnancy, prenatal care, oral hypoglycemic agents and postpartum care. Results -the increase in sugar consumption parallels the increase in overweight, gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus over the past four decades. Universal screening associated with lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) is the main approach during pregnancy. Metformin gained definitive space, preceding the introduction of insulin. Telemonitoring must be encouraged. Postpartum control, which is much neglected, is fundamental in the screening of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions -Some very well-defined points: Universal screening is mandatory, there are still some divergences in the methodology used (fasting or test with load), changes in life habits and physical exercise are fundamental in control. However, they are difficult to adhere to this. Metformin is a reality that must be in all protocols, follow-up in the postpartum period is fundamental, and must be considered in the long term, due to the relationship with type 2 diabetes in the future of patients. Consider remote monitoring adequate with promising results.