UPLC‐PDA‐TOF/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to rapidly analyze and evaluate Ginkgo biloba leaves from different origin

Abstract

In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-TOF/MS) was proposed and validated for rapidly analyzing and evaluating Ginkgo biloba leaves from different origins by using multivariate statistical analysis. Batches of these kinds of G. biloba leaves were subjected to UPLC-PDA-TOF/MS analysis, the datasets of retention time (RT)-m/z pairs, ion intensities and sample codes were further processed with orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to holistically compare the difference between these G. biloba leaves, and to generate an S-plot. Those compounds correlated to the points at the two ends of S were regarded as the most differentiating components. By comparing the mass/UV spectra and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or tentatively assigned by matching empirical molecular formulae with those of the known compounds published in the literatures, these differentiating components were finally characterized as kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-β-D-glucosyl)-α-L-rhamnoside], kaempferol 3-O-[2-O,6-O-bis(α-L-rhamnosyl)-β-D-glucoside], ginkgolide C, kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(β-D-glucosyl)-α-L-rhamnoside], and bilobetin. These compounds would be the potential chemical markers for the two kinds of leaves. The results suggested that this newly established approach could be used to rapidly evaluate the quality of herbs from different origin, and to provide good strategy for further rectify and standardize the herb market.

Quantitative determination of bilobetin in rat plasma by HPLC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

“…Meanwhile, only a couple of analytical methods have been published for the determination of bilobetin: a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was mainly used to quantify its extent in plants from different origins (Wang, Yao, Zhang, & Song, ; Yao et al, ), and there have been no validated determination methods for the substance in biological samples.…”

Chemical Differentiation and Quality Evaluation of Commercial Asian and American Ginsengs based on a UHPLC–QTOF/MS/MS Metabolomics Approach

“…Metabolomics is the scientific study of the chemical processes of all the metabolites within an organism, which provides a unique chemical fingerprint of a specific organism. Approaches based on LC-MS have been used successfully in many cases of quality assessment of herbal materials (Ermer and Vogel, 2000;Liu et al, 2007;Nováková et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012;Yao et al, 2014). In this study, ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) was used for identification and comprehensive quality evaluation of various commercial ginseng samples.…”

Selective extraction of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves using human serum albumin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles

“…The MS 3 spectrum of the m/z 593 showed fragment ions at m/z 431, which indicated a loss of the glucosyl moiety. Therefore, compound 9 was characterized as 3- [13,14]. In addition to the two main peaks, the other seven flavonoids were tentatively elucidated with high resolution mass and MS .…”