Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and factors affecting the rebleeding risk

Abstract

Introduction:Identifying high risk patients is crucial to prevent rebleeding in UGIB. Early detection of patients who are at risk of rebleeding can be useful to reduce morbidity and mortality.Aim: To summarize the risk factors of rebleeding in UGIB.Method: Articles and studies were acquired from PubMed. Keywords used were: 'rebleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'risk factors'.Result: Several studies have found that prognostic factors in UGIB may indicate a higher risk of rebleeding in UGIB. Those factors being shock at admission, PRC transfusion, low hemoglobin levels, low albumin levels, high creatinine levels, active bleeding at endoscopy, and need for endoscopic therapy. Scoring systems can also be useful to predict rebleeding, mainly GBS and Complete Rockall score.Conclusion: Shock at admission, PRC trasnfusion, low hemoglobin levels, low albumin levels, high creatinine levels, active bleeding at endoscopy, and need for endoscopic therapy are risk factors of rebleeding in UGIB.