Upper Gastrointestinal Stent

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) stent has been developed for palliation of obstructive symptoms in various diseases causing obstruction of GI tract. Self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) has replaced old type of plastic stent, and endoscopic insertion of stent has replaced fluoroscopy-guided insertion. Nowadays, newly-designed SEMSs have been developed for prevention of complications such as stent migration and re-obstruction, and indications of stent recently have been widened into benign conditions as well as malignant obstruction. In this review, the types, method of insertion, indications and clinical outcomes of stent in the upper GI tract would be discussed.

Efficacy of Self-Expandable Metallic Stent Inserted for Refractory Hemorrhage of Duodenal Cancer

“…For obstruction of the GI tract, we can use plastic stents or SEMS. Although historically plastic stents, made of rigid polyvinyl, were used for GI obstructions, both morbidity and mortality after insertion of plastic stents are higher than after SEMS placement because traumatic dilation of the stenotic portion is sometimes required before placement of a plastic stent that has a fixed diameter [ 8 ]. Consequently, plastic stents have rarely been used since the 1990s when uncovered SEMS first became available.…”

Self-expandable metallic stent application for the management of upper gastrointestinal tract disease

“…Fortunately, pain usually subsides after the administration of medication, such as analgesics and antireflux drugs. The other complications after stenting include bleeding, restenosis (0%-6%), stent folding, early or late migration (0%-58%), pneumomediastinum, tracheoesophageal fistula (0%-10%), perforation (0%-4.9%), and stent obstruction by food materials (8,9,17,20). These complications are usually eliminated by medications or circumstance-specific treatments, although surgical therapy is also seldom required.One of our patients with gastric cancer developed anastomosis leak, resistant stricture, chest pain, and stent migration.…”

“…Owing to recent technological advances in endoscopic devices and the introduction of novel stent materials, the endoscopic approach has become the first option (1,(4)(5)(6)(7). This approach has been widely used owing to its minimally invasive nature and feasibility under mild sedation (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). The aim of the present study was to share with the readers our experience of using self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) for the treatment of complications involving the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as fistula and stricture.…”

Upper Gastrointestinal Stent Insertion in Malignant and Benign Disorders

“…It possesses good shape-memory properties and flexibility. 4 SEMS are available as uncovered, partially covered, or fully covered with a coating, usually a plastic membrane or silicone. 3 SEPS are composed of polyester and silicone and are indicated for the treatment of malignant esophageal obstructions.…”

“… 15 The diet can start gradually from water to a regular diet within 24 to 48 hours following stent insertion. 4 Afterward, simple radiography should be used to confirm proper location and expansion of the stent.…”