Low back pain is a heterogeneous musculoskeletal disease that affects 65-85% of the world's population [1,2]. According to the global burden of disease in 2017, the degree of disability caused by low back pain increased by 54% worldwide between 1990 and 2015 [3], Lumbar disc herniation (LDH), the most common musculoskeletal disorder, affects approximately 10% of the world's population [4], especially young to middle-aged individuals [5,6,7]. Most patients with LDH have a good prognosis in terms of pain and disability. However, they have a longer recovery period than those of individuals with back pain without radiating pain, which leads to absence, burden of medical expenses, and social costs [8,9].LDH is defined as the displacement of the intervertebral disc space of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus