Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test: Normative Values in Firefighters and Relationship to Shoulder Mobility

Abstract

The job of a firefighter requires high levels of physical fitness and musculoskeletal function. In the United States, firefighters experience over 60,000 injuries annually, predominantly musculoskeletal issues. Screening tests can help identify musculoskeletal dysfunction. This study aimed to establish Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ) normative data in firefighters and identify factors that influence upper extremity functional ability in this population. We found firefighters’ Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test composite scores were comparable to other physically active populations but lower than U.S. Coast Guard law enforcement personnel. Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test scores were negatively affected by increasing age and body mass and reduced shoulder mobility in our sample. These findings support the need for targeted weight loss and mobility interventions to improve functional outcomes in firefighters.