Upper respiratory illness in different tiers of rugby union

Somerville, Vaughan; Gill, Nicholas; Ross, Alex; Braakhuis, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s11332-018-0512-8

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is illustrated by the increased illness rates in the 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games (8.4%) [ 2 , 6 ]. In addition, it has been reported that the respiratory illness rates in elite high school athletes is higher than other levels in the same sport [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Upper Respiratory Illness in High School Athletes: A Randomised Control Trial

2019

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Upper respiratory illness (URI) has a major impact on both training and competition in an athletic setting. High school athletes are a sub-category who have reported higher illness rates than professional and sub-elite high school athletes of the same sport. Olive leaf extract (OLE) is an over-the-counter supplement that contains polyphenols, notably oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, that have antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may reduce URI rates. Thirty-two high school students who play sport for the elite team at their school were recruited to a randomised controlled trial and allocated to a daily placebo or OLE (extent equivalent to 20 g of olive leaf, containing 100 mg oleuropein) supplementation for nine weeks during their competitive season. Twice weekly measures of wellbeing, training load and respiratory illness (sporting upper respiratory illness (SUPPRESS) questionnaire) were recorded at trainings, meetings or games. There was no significant difference in illness incidence (odds ratio (OR): 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21–4.44)), but there was a significant 28% reduction in sick days (OR: 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.93) p-value = 0.02) when supplemented with OLE. The dietary intakes of the athletes were sub-optimal with regard to immune support. OLE supplementation over a season did not significantly reduce URI incidence, but did decrease duration in high school athletes, potentially aiding return to play.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Upper Respiratory Illness in High School Athletes: A Randomised Control Trial

2019

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“…Five studies assessed MRSA skin infections 19,20,23,34,43 and three studies assessed heat illness 21,22,46 . The remaining studies assessed the presence of upper respiratory illness (URIs) (n=4) 25,27,42,44 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), gastro-intestinal and other infections (n=2) 24,32 . Two studies did not define an explicit illness 30,31 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies did not define an explicit illness 30,31 . A variety of illness definitions were used, with the majority using a medical attention/clinical diagnosis definition (n=14, 50%) 19-23, 26, 34, 35, 37-41, 46 and others using self-report (n=7, 25%) 24,25,27,29,32,42,44 and time-loss (n=2, 7%) 28,33 . Two studies (7%) used a definition that included both time-loss and medical diagnosis 36,45 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of exposure and illness incidence measures were used across the studies. These included per 1,000 player days [38][39][40] , per 1,000 athlete exposures (AEs) 21,22,29 , per 1,000 non-illness days 42 , per 1,000 running hours 26 and per 10,000 athlete exposures 46 . Due to the differences in measures of exposure, incidence and prevalence could not be directly compared across the full-contact football-code sports based on the existing literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Illness and infection in elite full-contact football-code sports: A systematic review

Chesson

Whitehead

Flanagan

et al. 2021

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Acute respiratory illness and return to sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveTo determine the days until return to sport (RTS) after acute respiratory illness (ARill), frequency of time loss after ARill resulting in >1 day lost from training/competition, and symptom duration (days) of ARill in athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, January 1990–July 2020.Eligibility criteriaOriginal research articles published in English on athletes/military recruits (15–65 years) with symptoms/diagnosis of an ARill and reporting any of the following: days until RTS after ARill, frequency (%) of time loss >1 day after ARill or symptom duration (days) of ARill.Results767 articles were identified; 54 were included (n=31 065 athletes). 4 studies reported days until RTS (range: 0–8.5 days). Frequency (%) of time loss >1 day after ARill was 20.4% (95% CI 15.3% to 25.4%). The mean symptom duration for all ARill was 7.1 days (95% CI 6.2 to 8.0). Results were similar between subgroups: pathological classification (acute respiratory infection (ARinf) vs undiagnosed ARill), anatomical classification (upper vs general ARill) or diagnostic method of ARinf (symptoms, physical examination, special investigations identifying pathogens).ConclusionsIn 80% of ARill in athletes, no days were lost from training/competition. The mean duration of ARill symptoms in athletes was 7 days. Outcomes were not influenced by pathological or anatomical classification of ARill, or in ARinf diagnosed by various methods. Current data are limited, and future studies with standardised approaches to definitions, diagnostic methods and classifications of ARill are needed to obtain detailed clinical, laboratory and specific pathogen data to inform RTS.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020160479.

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Upper respiratory illness in different tiers of rugby union

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Upper Respiratory Illness in High School Athletes: A Randomised Control Trial

The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Upper Respiratory Illness in High School Athletes: A Randomised Control Trial

Illness and infection in elite full-contact football-code sports: A systematic review

Acute respiratory illness and return to sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’

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