Uptake and elimination, and effect of estrogen-like contaminants in estuarine copepods: an experimental study

Abstract

E. affinis could be a non-negligible route of exposure for juvenile fish and underline the potential for deleterious effects on copepod predators.

Differential protein expression in the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis after diuron and alkylphenol exposures

“…These data are in accordance with previous studies demonstrating the ability of alkylphenol to interfere with physiological functions such as immunity . However, the copepod E. affinis was shown to be able to accumulate and eliminate NPIEC and 4‐NP . In addition, 2 cytoskeleton proteins (a myosin subunit that exhibits overexpression and a tropomyosin that is underexpressed) could be related to behavioral changes.…”

“…The experimental system was set up as described by Cailleaud et al . Briefly, the experimental system was composed of 3 compartments: the water reservoirs, the exposure tanks containing the copepods, and a recycling tank to remove contaminants from the water using activated carbon.…”

“…Selected contaminants (purity > 98%)—diuron and alkylphenols (4‐nonylphenol [4‐NP]; nonylphenol‐ethoxy‐acetic‐acid [NP1EC])—were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (diuron, 4‐NP) and LGC Standards (NP1EC). Preliminary tests were performed with the exposure system to determine the appropriate experimental conditions to saturate the tanks and the rubber tubing with the highly hydrophobic selected contaminants (alkylphenols and diuron) to ensure that the real exposure concentrations were included within an acceptable range from the selected nominal concentrations during all the experiments . Briefly, before each exposure experiment, the system was saturated using the experimental conditions.…”

“…Indeed, this euryhaline copepod is widely distributed in North Atlantic brackish waters, where it represents an essential basal organism in the trophic web. The E. affinis copepods are appropriate test organisms because of their small size, sexual dimorphism, short generation time, and ease of culturing in the laboratory .…”

The development of an optimized sample preparation for trace level detection of 17α-ethinylestradiol and estrone in whole fish tissue

“…However, very few studies have focused on the analysis of these molecules in invertebrates [5] or fish [6][7][8]. Optimized sample preparation protocols for the extraction of steroidal estrogens from fish tissues with high recoveries and at environmentally relevant concentrations are not available.…”