Urban AI: understanding the emerging role of artificial intelligence in smart cities

Luusua, Aale; Ylipulli, Johanna; Foth, Marcus; Aurigi, Alessandro

doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01537-5

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In smart cities, technologies such as big data, Internet-of-Things, CCTV, cloud computing (Edwards, 2016), facial recognition technology, platforms, digital apps (Goodman, 2020) and more recently, AI, are embedded into the urban context (Goodman, 2020;Brauneis & Goodman, 2018;Luusua & Ylipulli, 2022;Botero Arcila, 2022). 1 Many of the technologies associated with smart cities also allow for the surveillance and identification of individuals and pose threats to a range of human rights, potentially undermining democratic development (Williams, 2020, pp.…”

Section: Human Rights Risks Of Smart City Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do European smart city developers dream of GDPR-free countries? The pull of global megaprojects in the face of EU smart city compliance and localisation costs

Wernick¹,

Banzuzi²,

Mörelius-Wulff³

2023

Internet Policy Review

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Smart city technologies can have detrimental effects on human rights, making it crucial to mitigate them in the R&D phase. This qualitative socio-legal study of the Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA) explores how public funding for smart city research and development (R&D), and the data protection by design principle (DPbD) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), facilitate the development of human rights compliant technology. Our study shows that the tension between the neoliberal logic of smart cities and that human rights compliance extends from the local to the global level. High compliance and localisation costs, one-sided inputs and a push for scalability in smart city technology development in Finland and other EU states may attract companies to overlook human rights risks and pursue markets outside the EU with lower standards of respect for human rights and the rule of law. We propose policy measures to facilitate human rights compliant smart city R&D, localisation and procurement, and discuss human rights due diligence and export control measures as means to mitigate the potential adverse effects of smart city technology exported from the EU. The study contributes to research on human rights-based approaches to smart city technology development and European innovation and export policy, with attention given to the role of public R&D funding agencies. Issue 1 This paper is part of Future-proofing the city: A human rights-based approach to governing algorithmic, biometric and smart city technologies, a special issue of Internet Policy Review guest-edited by Alina Wernick and Anna Artyushina. Wernick, Banzuzi, Mörelius-Wulff E8 City data manager #1 City funding E9 City data manager #2 City funding E10 City project manager #1 EU funding E11 City project manager #2 City funding E12 City procurement expert

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Section: Human Rights Risks Of Smart City Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do European smart city developers dream of GDPR-free countries? The pull of global megaprojects in the face of EU smart city compliance and localisation costs

Wernick¹,

Banzuzi²,

Mörelius-Wulff³

2023

Internet Policy Review

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“…There are different types of AI operating in cities, i.e. urban artificial intelligences, and examining all of them indepth goes beyond the scope of a single paper Luusua et al 2022). For the sake of feasibility, in this study we are going to examine in detail one type of urban AI: autonomous cars.…”

Section: To What Extent Do People's Fears and Concerns In Relation To...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of AI: an inquiry into the adoption of autonomous cars in spite of fear, and a theoretical framework for the study of artificial intelligence technology acceptance

Cugurullo

Acheampong

2023

AI & Soc

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming part of the everyday. During this transition, people’s intention to use AI technologies is still unclear and emotions such as fear are influencing it. In this paper, we focus on autonomous cars to first verify empirically the extent to which people fear AI and then examine the impact that fear has on their intention to use AI-driven vehicles. Our research is based on a systematic survey and it reveals that while individuals are largely afraid of cars that are driven by AI, they are nonetheless willing to adopt this technology as soon as possible. To explain this tension, we extend our analysis beyond just fear and show that people also believe that AI-driven cars will generate many individual, urban and global benefits. Subsequently, we employ our empirical findings as the foundations of a theoretical framework meant to illustrate the main factors that people ponder when they consider the use of AI tech. In addition to offering a comprehensive theoretical framework for the study of AI technology acceptance, this paper provides a nuanced understanding of the tension that exists between the fear and adoption of AI, capturing what exactly people fear and intend to do.

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“…An overlapping but distinct area of research focuses on the role of AI in the built environment, so-called urban AI [1,42,56,57,67,73,79]. Many application contexts here are mobility-related, for example smart electric vehicle charging [1]; autonomous vehicles [56]; and automated parking control systems [67].…”

Section: Public and Urban Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of this research tends to be more on how AI molds, mediates, and orchestrates the daily lived experience of urban places and spaces. Ethical questions related to AI become intertwined with city-making ethics, "who has the right to design and live in human environments" [57]. What the urban AI 'lens' adds to public AI discourse are questions of spatial justice [70] in addition to those of procedural and distributive justice.…”

Section: Public and Urban Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contestable Camera Cars: A Speculative Design Exploration of Public AI That Is Open and Responsive to Dispute

Alfrink,

Keller,

Doorn

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Local governments increasingly use artificial intelligence (AI) for automated decision-making. Contestability, making systems responsive to dispute, is a way to ensure they respect human rights to autonomy and dignity. We investigate the design of public urban AI systems for contestability through the example of camera cars: human-driven vehicles equipped with image sensors. Applying a provisional framework for contestable AI, we use speculative design to create a concept video of a contestable camera car. Using this concept video, we then conduct semi-structured interviews with 17 civil servants who work with AI employed by a large northwestern European city. The resulting data is analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify the main challenges facing the implementation of contestability in public AI. We describe how civic participation faces issues of representation, public AI systems should integrate with existing democratic practices, and cities must expand capacities for responsible AI development and operation. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in interaction design; • Applied computing → Computing in government.

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Urban AI: understanding the emerging role of artificial intelligence in smart cities

Cited by 36 publications

References 25 publications

Do European smart city developers dream of GDPR-free countries? The pull of global megaprojects in the face of EU smart city compliance and localisation costs

Do European smart city developers dream of GDPR-free countries? The pull of global megaprojects in the face of EU smart city compliance and localisation costs

Fear of AI: an inquiry into the adoption of autonomous cars in spite of fear, and a theoretical framework for the study of artificial intelligence technology acceptance

Contestable Camera Cars: A Speculative Design Exploration of Public AI That Is Open and Responsive to Dispute

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