Urban biowaste valorization by coupling anaerobic digestion and single cell protein production

Review on Production of Single-Cell Protein from Food Wastes

“…Liquid substrates reported are cheese whey (Yadav et al, 2015;Monkoondee et al, 2016), non-dairy creamer wastewater (Dewi et al, 2017), sugar refinery wastewater (Saejung and Salasook, 2020), pineapple peel juice, and rice washing water (Mujdalipah and Putri, 2020), latex rubber sheet wastewater (Kornochalert et al, 2014), dephenolized olive mill wastewater (Giavasis and Petrotos, 2016), sugarcane molasses (Hansen and Cheong, 2019;Spalvins et al, 2018a), soybean molasses (Gao et al, 2012), deproteinized leaf juice (Chanda and Chakrabarti, 1996;Spalvins et al, 2018a), food waste-derived volatile fatty acids (Wainaina et al, 2020), waste milk (Myint et al, 2020), municipal wastewater treatment effluent (Steinberg et al, 2017), food processing wastewater (Xu et al, 2020). Urban bio-waste is also a potential substrate for SCP production after anaerobic digestion; methane produce during digestion can serve as a carbon source in the production of SCP rich in essential amino acids (Khoshnevisan et al, 2019). The use of methane (from natural gas) as a sole source of carbon in the SCP production was reported by Ritala et al (2017) and Shete and Raut (2018).…”

“…Acid digestion n using HCl at 75°C is employed particularly when the culture organism lack enzymes responsible for breaking down cellulose materials (Haddish, 2015). Bio-digestion (bio-pulping) using fungi is also employ to breakdown woody substrates (Khoshnevisan et al, 2019). The pre-treated materials are then washed with distilled water and oven-dried (Said et al, 2019).…”

“…Liquid wastes used as a substrate for SCP production are either pasteurized or sterilized and inoculated with the culture organism (Kurcz et al, 2018;Putri et al, 2018). Anaerobic digestion is used as a preparatory operation in liquid substrates such as urban bio-waste (Khoshnevisan et al, 2019). pH adjustment using acidic effluent was the only preparatory operation reported by Monkoondee et al (2016) in cheese whey.…”

Conversion of biogas from anaerobic digestion to single cell protein and bio-methanol: mechanism, microorganisms and key factors - A review

“…Hence, in the recent years, application of waste streams as nitrogen source for microorganisms' growth has shown a good promise with zero or negative cost when adopted to replace high-energy intensive process such as activated sludge. These waste streams include supernatant of the anaerobically digested sludge/bio-waste (ADs) [68,70,71], and food industry wastewater (FIWW), for instance, the effluent of a potato processing plant [53]. The ADs/FIWW can be considered as a promising alternative to the synthetic mediums for SCP production making the process economically more viable.…”

“…In biogas-based SCP production processes, CO 2 is dissolved in the medium (and dissociated into bicarbonate), which results in lowering the medium pH into the acidic zone[70].…”