Urban Form and Natural Hazards: Exploring the Dual Aspect Concept of Urban Forms on Flood Damage

Kang, Sangmok; Yeom, Jaeweon; Jung, Juchul

doi:10.3390/su13169007

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Urban areas are a human-environment system with poor ecological stability and high vulnerability to natural disasters (e.g., extreme heat, floods, droughts) ( 38 , 42 , 43 ). Because of the general characteristics of human-environment systems, such as complexity, non-linearity, and diversity of spatial and temporal scales, social vulnerability caused by extreme heat faces difficulties in being measured ( 44 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban heat vulnerability: A dynamic assessment using multi-source data in coastal metropolis of Southeast China

Shui

Huang³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Extreme heat caused by global climate change has become a serious threat to the sustainable development of urban areas. Scientific assessment of the impacts of extreme heat on urban areas and in-depth knowledge of the cross-scale mechanisms of heat vulnerability forming in urban systems are expected to support policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective policies to mitigate the economic, social, and health risks. Based on the perspective of the human-environment system, this study constructed a conceptual framework and index system of “exposure-susceptibility-adaptive capacity” for urban heat vulnerability (UHV) and proposed its assessment methods. Taking Xiamen City, a coastal metropolis, as an example, spatial analysis and Geodetector were used to explore the spatial and temporal changes, spatial characteristics, and patterns of UHV under multiple external disturbances from natural to anthropological factors, and to reveal the main factors influencing UHV forming and spatial differentiation. Results showed that the exposure, susceptibility, adaptive capacity, and UHV in Xiamen City had a spatial structure of “coastal-offshore-inland”. On the hot day, both the exposure and UHV showed a temporal pattern of “rising and then falling, peaking at 14:00” and a spatial pattern of “monsoonal-like” movement between coast and inland. Coastal zoning with favorable socioeconomic conditions had less magnitude of changes in UHV, where the stability of the urban system was more likely to be maintained. During the hot months, the high UHV areas were mainly distributed in the inland, while coastal areas showed low UHV levels. Further, coastal UHV was mainly dominated by “heat exposure”, offshore by “comprehensive factors”, and inland in the northern mountainous areas by “lack of adaptive capacity”. Multi-scale urban adaptive capacity was confirmed to alter spatial distribution of exposure and reshape the spatial pattern of UHV. This study promotes the application of multi-scale vulnerability framework to disaster impact assessment, enriches the scientific knowledge of the urban system vulnerability, and provides scientific references for local targeted cooling policy development and extreme heat resilience building programs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban heat vulnerability: A dynamic assessment using multi-source data in coastal metropolis of Southeast China

Shui

Huang³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…A series of studies have been utilized in slope, imperviousness, and soil type as a sub-variable to measure the surface runoff of the urban form [4,12,42].…”

Section: Justifcation For the Subvariable Sellectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extensive number of studies have shown that higher surface runoff directly influences the occurrence of flood events in the urban context [1][2][3]. Kang and Yeom [4] argued that the shape of the urban form is defined by the behavior of the urban components such as land use, accessibility, and the density and patterns of the movements. In some studies, land use behavior, accessibility, and density were identified as the determinants of the shape of the urban form and were therefore responsible for the emergence of certain outcomes, such as the attraction and movement of populations, changes in the surface runoff volume, and urban flooding events in the urban context [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dempsey et al [18] explained that land use, accessibility, and density components play key roles in shaping the image of the urban form [19]. Furthermore, Kang et al [4] identified that the effects of a highly developed urban form with a superior land use diversity, accessibility, and density on urban flooding is due to two aspects-namely, the proportionate increment in an impermeable land surface and the decrement in the land cover that has a natural drainage function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Decision-Making Tool for Urban Planners: A Framework to Model the Interdependency among Land Use, Accessibility, Density, and Surface Runoff in Urban Areas

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the four-dimensional relationship between land use, accessibility, density, and surface runoff in urban areas. In contemporary literature, a series of studies have been conducted that extensively discuss the natural components associated with the surface runoff in urban areas. However, the dynamic and complex dimensions of the urban form, such as land use, accessibility, and density, are yet to be fully understood. In this study, a 4D diagram was utilized to identify relationships between dimensions, in addition to decision tree analysis, to explore the structural flow between selected variables. Furthermore, a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed with the purpose of investigating the direct, indirect, and moderating effects on the targeted dependent variable, surface runoff. The results of the analysis reported a strong correlation between land use, accessibility, density, and surface runoff, with an R-squared value of 0.802, which indicates an acceptable model accuracy by the international standard. A positive relationship between the four dimensions was indicated by the higher accessibility; the higher density in terms of a higher floor space index (FSI), ground space index (GSI), and open space; the building height of the adjacent buildings; the higher diversity of the land use; and the higher surface runoff. Accordingly, the findings of the study offer policy implications in the fields of land use planning, zoning regulations and overall urban development planning towards achieving climate resilient cities.

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“…A compact urban form may expose many assets and lives to risk due to the higher concentration of runoff volume in a limited area. On the other hand, higher population densities and mixed land use can minimize urban sprawl, leaving more open space for runoff absorption [51]. Some scholars present several counterarguments that increasingly intense and unpredictable rainfall patterns can overwhelm even the most well-designed urban form strategies, making them less effective at flood reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Urban Resilience: A Systematic Review of Multiple-Scale Urban Form Indicators in Flood Resilience Assessment

Mabrouk,

Han,

Mahran

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Despite the increasing number of flood studies, the interrelationships between urban form indices (UFIs) and flood resilience (FR) have received little attention and hold miscellaneous perspectives. Consequentially, this study identifies how UFIs at various spatial scales affect FR by synthesizing article findings and proposing insights for future research. Scientometric analysis has been used to analyze the gathered peer-reviewed articles from nine research engines without time restrictions. One hundred and eighteen relevant articles were included and thoroughly investigated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Our findings indicate that divergent and dialectical perspectives about the efficacy of UFIs are due to multiple disciplines, methodologies, and different case study contexts. The included studies were classified according to urban scale as macro (citywide), meso (districts), micro (block), and multi-scalar analysis by 80.5%, 6.8%, 10.2%, and 2.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the included studies were categorized based on analysis type into realistic case studies, literature reviews, modeling, and hybrid analysis, with 74.6%, 7.6%, 14.4%, and 3.4%, respectively. At the macroscale, city density and spatial distribution degree have the most significant effect on FR. At the same time, mixed uses, connectivity, coverage ratio, block arrangements, and street characteristics are on the meso and micro scales. Further studies on the trade-offs and commonality between UFIs, FR, and overall urban resilience are required to shape climate-adaptive, sustainable communities.

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Urban Form and Natural Hazards: Exploring the Dual Aspect Concept of Urban Forms on Flood Damage

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Urban heat vulnerability: A dynamic assessment using multi-source data in coastal metropolis of Southeast China

Urban heat vulnerability: A dynamic assessment using multi-source data in coastal metropolis of Southeast China

A Decision-Making Tool for Urban Planners: A Framework to Model the Interdependency among Land Use, Accessibility, Density, and Surface Runoff in Urban Areas

Revisiting Urban Resilience: A Systematic Review of Multiple-Scale Urban Form Indicators in Flood Resilience Assessment

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