Urban nexus and transformative pathways towards a resilient Gauteng City-Region, South Africa

Nhamo, Luxon; Rwizi, Lameck; Mpandeli, Sylvester; Botai, Joel Ongego; Magidi, James; Tazvinga, Henerica; Sobratee, Nafiisa; Liphadzi, Stanley; Naidoo, Dhesigen; Modi, Albert T.; Slotow, Rob; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103266

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, irrigation could negatively affect water resources, resulting in groundwater depletion and diminished surface water supplies, as is the current case in the IUWMA, with huge impacts on downstream water supplies and availability [47]. Moreover, irrigation expansion can damage natural habitats and disturb natural environments, with serious socio-ecological impacts, such as biodiversity loss and associated reduction in ecosystem services [62]. Therefore, irrigation guidelines and policies must integrate water and water use policies to ensure sustainable resource use in the irrigation sector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing Equitable Water and Food Policies through Accurate Spatial Information on Irrigated Areas in Smallholder Farming Systems

Magidi

Koppen

Nhamo

et al. 2021

Water

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Accurate information on irrigated areas’ spatial distribution and extent are crucial in enhancing agricultural water productivity, water resources management, and formulating strategic policies that enhance water and food security and ecologically sustainable development. However, data are typically limited for smallholder irrigated areas, which is key to achieving social equity and equal distribution of financial resources. This study addressed this gap by delineating disaggregated smallholder and commercial irrigated areas through the random forest algorithm, a non-parametric machine learning classifier. Location within or outside former apartheid “homelands” was taken as a proxy for smallholder, and commercial irrigation. Being in a medium rainfall area, the huge irrigation potential of the Inkomati-Usuthu Water Management Area (UWMA) is already well developed for commercial crop production outside former homelands. However, information about the spatial distribution and extent of irrigated areas within former homelands, which is largely informal, was missing. Therefore, we first classified cultivated lands in 2019 and 2020 as a baseline, from where the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to distinguish irrigated from rainfed, focusing on the dry winter period when crops are predominately irrigated. The mapping accuracy of 84.9% improved the efficacy in defining the actual spatial extent of current irrigated areas at both smallholder and commercial spatial scales. The proportion of irrigated areas was high for both commercial (92.5%) and smallholder (96.2%) irrigation. Moreover, smallholder irrigation increased by over 19% between 2019 and 2020, compared to slightly over 7% in the commercial sector. Such information is critical for policy formulation regarding equitable and inclusive water allocation, irrigation expansion, land reform, and food and water security in smallholder farming systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing Equitable Water and Food Policies through Accurate Spatial Information on Irrigated Areas in Smallholder Farming Systems

Magidi

Koppen

Nhamo

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Geographically, Gauteng lies on the highest part of the interior plateau, on the rolling plains of South Africa’s Highveld; its capital is Johannesburg and it also contains the city of Pretoria, as well as the East Rand, West Rand, and Vaal areas [ 44 ]. Gauteng Province is divided into three metropolitan municipalities, namely: the City of Tshwane, the City of Ekurhuleni, and the City of Johannesburg, as well as two district municipalities: West Rand and Sedibeng, which are further subdivided into six local municipalities: Mogale City, Rand West City, Merafong, Emfuleni, Midvaal and Lesedi [ 45 , 46 ]. Gauteng Province is the powerhouse and economic hub of the country and sub-continent, responsible for over 34.8% of the gross domestic product (GDP) as well as being the heart of the commercial, business, and industrial sectors of South Africa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health services satisfaction and medical exclusion among migrant youths in Gauteng Province of South Africa: A cross-sectional analysis of the GCRO survey (2017−2018)

Akokuwebe,

Osuafor,

Likoko

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Medical xenophobia of migrant (either in-migrants or immigrants) youths is an ongoing problem in contemporary South African society. Medical mistreatment by healthcare workers and social phobia from migrant youths have been attributed to major obstacles to healthcare utilization as well as health services satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors contributing to health services satisfaction and medical exclusion among migrant youths in Gauteng province in South Africa. Methods The Round 5 Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) Quality of Life (QoL) survey was conducted in 2017‒2018, a nationally representative survey piloted every two years in South Africa, was utilized in this study. A 2-year cohort study of 24,889 respondents aged 18 to 29 and a baseline data consisted of 4,872 respondents, comprising non-migrants, in-migrants and immigrants, from where 2,162 in-migrants and immigrants were utilized as the sample size. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square analysis and logistic regression. Results A total of 2,162 migrants, comprising 35.4% in-migrants and 9.0% of immigrants, from the 4,872 respondents, were included in the analysis. The prevalence of medical exclusion of in-migrant and immigrant youths were 5.5% and 4.2%, and the majority of them reported the use of public health facilities (in-migrants ‒ 84.3% vs. immigrants ‒ 87.1%). At the bivariate level, demographic (age, sex, and population group), economic (employed and any income) and health-related (no medical aid and household member with mental health) factors were significantly associated with medical exclusion (ρ≤0.05). The adjusted odds ratio showed that only female gender (AOR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.678, 1.705), no medical aid cover (AOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.450, 3.362), and neither (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 0.606, 4.174) or dissatisfied (AOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 2.528, 7.270) were independent predictors of medical exclusion. Conclusion Having no medical aid cover, being a female and dissatisfied, or neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with health services significantly increased the odds of medical exclusion among migrant youths. To increase healthcare utilization and ensuring adequate medical care of migrant youths, opting for medical aid insurance without increasing costs should be guaranteed. Therefore, there should be no consequences for lack of residence status or correct documentation papers when accessing healthcare services among migrant youths in South Africa.

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“…The application of TA also involves addressing the scope and just distribution of benefits, comparatively high financial and social costs of transformational actions for society, and the understandable public resistance against institutional and behavioural actions that would change existing resource systems and policies (Kates et al 2012;Saxena et al 2018). As demonstrated in recent studies of African cities (Revi et al 2014;Leal Filho et al 2018;Nhamo et al 2021), urban centres proposing to embrace TA must address excess greenhouse gas emissions, the root causes of poverty and associated failures of sustainable development, and the competence, capacity, and willingness of local authorities to adapt effectively and sustainably. Rural areas on the other hand, facing different sets of challenges, usually regard TA as a process leading to changes such as a reduction in vulnerability or increase in resilience capacity at community level.…”

Section: The Challenges Of Transformative Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformative adaptation as a sustainable response to climate change: insights from large-scale case studies

Filho

Wolf

Moncada

et al. 2022

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Urban nexus and transformative pathways towards a resilient Gauteng City-Region, South Africa

Cited by 37 publications

References 58 publications

Informing Equitable Water and Food Policies through Accurate Spatial Information on Irrigated Areas in Smallholder Farming Systems

Informing Equitable Water and Food Policies through Accurate Spatial Information on Irrigated Areas in Smallholder Farming Systems

Health services satisfaction and medical exclusion among migrant youths in Gauteng Province of South Africa: A cross-sectional analysis of the GCRO survey (2017−2018)

Transformative adaptation as a sustainable response to climate change: insights from large-scale case studies

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