Urea synthesis using chemical looping process – Techno-economic evaluation of a novel plant configuration for a green production

Edrisi, Abdolaziz; Mansoori, Z.; Dabir, Bahram

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.10.020

Cited by 58 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For instance, CO 2 is used in the fertilizer industry to produce urea, in the food/beverage industry, to enhance oil recovery, and in the production of ethers (methanol, ethanol). 6 Furthermore, it is important to note that the use of CC is not only developed for increasing energy expenditure, but also it is about improving existing energy systems by increasing its energy efficiency and utilizing the usefulness of the energy 7 through recovery and therefore increasing the Canadian energy production and reducing GHG emissions. Among the emerging technologies in carbon capture to separate and recover CO 2 from flue gas is the absorption CO 2 capture technology, due to its large gas absorption volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance investigation of a new renewable energy‐based carbon dioxide capturing system with aqueous ammonia

et al. 2019

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Summary In this study, a novel wind energy‐based carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing system is developed and investigated for practical applications to reduce environmental emissions. The aqueous ammonia‐based capturing technology is utilized. Wind turbines are used to operate the onsite ammonia synthesis as well as hydrogen production. The proton exchange membrane electrolysis system is considered for hydrogen production and the Haber‐Bosch ammonia synthesis technique is utilized. The developed system is modeled in Aspen Plus software. The system performance for CO2 capture is studied through economic, energy, and exergy perspectives. The CO2 capture cost is evaluated to be between 0.1 and 0.23 $/kg CO2. Furthermore, the system CO2 capture rate is determined to be 3.5 kg/s. Moreover, for a unit mass of CO2 captured, the energy consumption is found to be 640.1 kg CO2/MWh. Several parametric studies are also conducted to analyze the effects of varying operating conditions on the system performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance investigation of a new renewable energy‐based carbon dioxide capturing system with aqueous ammonia

et al. 2019

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“…The BDDs and Ti/IrO 2 electrodes were also investigated by Li et al [74]. It was found that the oxidation of urea over BDD electrodes was complete and the products were inorganic ions, such as ClO 4 -and NO 3 -ions, while on Ti/IrO 2 electrodes, urea was oxidized to NO 2 -ions and toxic N 2 H 4 . The incomplete oxidation of urea was probably caused by relatively low oxidizing activity of IrO 2 on the surface of the electrode.…”

Section: Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial synthesis of urea involves ammonia reacting with carbon dioxide at high pressure. The modern urea production technologies are the Stamicarbon process (involves CO 2 stripping), the Snamprogetti process (involves NH 3 stripping), the ACES process, and the IDR process [4,5]. However, the waste generated during urea production is problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urea removal from aqueous solutions—a review

2016

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The abundance of urea in the natural environment is dictated by the fact that it is one of the major products of mammalian protein metabolism. Due to the extensive use of urea in many branches of industry, it is produced in large quantities. Urea enters into the environment not only with wastewater from the production plants but also by leaching from the fields, agro-breeding farms, and the effluents from the plants using it as a raw material. There are many methods of urea removal, but most of them are still being developed or are very new. The methods themselves differ in terms of physicochemical nature and technological ingenuity. Many wastewater treatment methods include processes such as hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, decomposition in the biological bed, decomposition by strong oxidants, adsorption, catalytic decomposition, and electrochemical oxidation. In this work, methods of urea removal from aqueous solutions have been reviewed. Particular attention was paid to electrochemical methods.

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“…Nitrogen is one of the most essential elements in plants nutrition and among the available commercial nitrogen source fertilizers, urea is widely used due to its lower production cost and high nitrogen content. However, more than half of applied urea can be lost into the environment due to leaching, decomposition, and ammonium volatilization, make it not very efficient fertilizer . To overcome those challenges, intercalating of urea into montmorillonite (MMT) clay has the potential to reduce losses and increase the fertilizer efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoencapsulation of intercalated montmorillonite‐urea within PVA nanofibers: Hydrogel fertilizer nanocomposite

Azarian

Mahmood

Kwok

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study describes the preparation and characterization of nanofibers with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the wall matrix to encapsulate montmorillonite (MMT) clay and intercalated MMT‐urea nanocomposite using an electrospinning technique. Nanofibers encapsulated with (1–5%, w/w) MMT clay were successfully produced and characterized in relation to morphological, spectroscopic, structural, surface, and thermal properties. The electrospinning conditions for voltage, flow‐rate, and emitter to collector distance were 20 kV, 0.5, and 0.25 mL/h, and 10 cm, respectively. The surface roughness increased from 43.5 (empty fibers) to 56 nm in the PVA/MMT‐3% and bead‐less nanofibers were formed with the maximum diameter distribution and mean diameter value of 45–80 and 62 nm, respectively. The d‐spacing was increased significantly from 1.004 in MMT to 1.684 nm in MMT‐urea, indicating the intercalation of urea occurred successfully. Furthermore, elemental analysis results showed that the intercalated MMT‐urea contained 30.4% nitrogen. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45957.

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Urea synthesis using chemical looping process – Techno-economic evaluation of a novel plant configuration for a green production

Cited by 58 publications

References 38 publications

Performance investigation of a new renewable energy‐based carbon dioxide capturing system with aqueous ammonia

Performance investigation of a new renewable energy‐based carbon dioxide capturing system with aqueous ammonia

Urea removal from aqueous solutions—a review

Nanoencapsulation of intercalated montmorillonite‐urea within PVA nanofibers: Hydrogel fertilizer nanocomposite

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