Uric acid is a major chemical constituent for the whitish coloration in the medaka leucophores

Goda, Makoto; Miyagi, Atsushi; Kitamoto, Takuya; Kondo, Minako; Hashimoto, Hisashi

doi:10.1111/pcmr.13102

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Leucophores, structurally similar to iridophores, also possess reflective plates. Recently, research in medaka has found that the primary high-refractive-index substance is uric acid [121]. Uric acid scatters light, creating a white appearance.…”

Section: Accumulation Of Pigments and Body Color Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Hue: Advances and Applications of Fish Skin Pigmentation Genetics in Aquaculture

Liu,

Yin,

et al. 2024

Fishes

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Fish exhibit a broad spectrum of colors and patterns facilitated by specialized cells known as chromatophores. The vibrant coloration of fish, controlled by complex genetic and environmental interactions, serves critical roles in ecological functions such as mating, predation, and camouflage. This diversity not only makes fish an invaluable model for exploring the molecular mechanisms of pigmentation but also significantly impacts their economic value within the aquaculture industry, where color traits can drive marketability and breeding choices. This review delves into the sophisticated biological processes governing fish pigmentation and discusses their applications in enhancing aquaculture practices. By exploring the intersection of genetic regulation, environmental influences, and advanced breeding techniques, this review highlights both the scientific understanding and practical applications of fish coloration, providing a bridge between basic biological research and its application in commercial aquaculture.

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Section: Accumulation Of Pigments and Body Color Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Hue: Advances and Applications of Fish Skin Pigmentation Genetics in Aquaculture

Liu,

Yin,

et al. 2024

Fishes

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“…Organisms have utilized small molecular organic crystals with purine or pterin rings such as guanine, − uric acid, − xanthine, , isoxanthopterin, − and 7,8-dihydroxanthopterin as functional optical materials for scattering, reflectors, mirrors, camouflage, and structural colors. Biogenic guanine crystals are the most common optical material in the organisms. − These biogenic guanine crystals have an extremely high refractive index on some particular crystal planes, e.g., (100) plane, and the high refractive index values contribute to the superior optical properties including high reflectivity and depolarization feature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Square-Shaped Anhydrous Hypoxanthine Nanoplatelet Crystals with Superior Optical Properties

Hou,

Ren,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Crystal Growth & Design

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Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is one of the doping components of biogenic guanine crystals and can form cocrystals with guanine in organisms. As far as we know, there is no research work related to the controlled formation of anhydrous hypoxanthine (AH) crystals, neither the relationship of the morphology nor the optical properties of hypoxanthine crystals. Herein, the controlled synthesis of square AH nanoplatelets is realized for the first time in aqueous solution in the presence of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam). The lattice parameters of synthetic hypoxanthine crystals are simulated based on experimental powder X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction data, which are proposed to be AH with monoclinic symmetry. The length and thickness of AH nanoplatelets are about 1–3 μm and 65 ± 5 nm, respectively. Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) and Soluplus, both containing caprolactam groups, can preferentially adsorb on and stabilize the (100) plane of AH crystals. The AH nanoplatelets are composed of hypoxanthine molecules with inner-layer hydrogen bonding networks and interlayer π–π stacking. Square-shaped single-crystalline AH nanoplatelets with monoclinic symmetry are proposed to be formed via the transformation of intermediate amorphous hypoxanthine nanoparticles. The AH nanoplatelets exhibit excellent optical properties including high reflectivity, depolarization, and brilliant pearlescent luster.

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Agouti and BMP signaling drive a naturally occurring fate conversion of melanophores to leucophores in zebrafish

Huang,

Kapadia,

Liang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The often-prominent pigment patterns of vertebrates are varied in form and function and depend on several types of pigment cells derived from embryonic neural crest or latent stem cells of neural crest origin. These cells and the patterns they produce have been useful for uncovering features of differentiation and morphogenesis that underlie adult phenotypes, and they offer opportunities to discover how patterns and the cell types themselves have diversified. In zebrafish, a body pattern of stripes arises by self organizing interactions among three types of pigment cells. Yet these fish also exhibit white ornamentation on their fins that depends on the transdifferentiation of black melanophores to white cells, "melanoleucophores." To identify mechanisms underlying this conversion we used ultrastructural, transcriptomic, mutational and other approaches. We show that melanophore-melanoleucophore transition depends on regional BMP signals transduced through non-canonical receptors (Rgmb-Neo1a-Lrig2) as well as BMP-dependent signaling by Agouti genes, asip1 and asip2b. These signals lead to expression of transcription factor genes including foxd3 and runx3 that are necessary to induce loss of melanin by an autophagy-like process, curtail new melanin production, and deploy a pathway for accumulating guanine crystals that, together, confer a white phenotype. These analyses uncover an important role for positional information in specifying ornamentation in zebrafish and show how tissue environmental cues and a novel gene regulatory program have allowed terminal addition of a distinct phenotype to a pre-existing cell type.

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Uric acid is a major chemical constituent for the whitish coloration in the medaka leucophores

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Harnessing Hue: Advances and Applications of Fish Skin Pigmentation Genetics in Aquaculture

Harnessing Hue: Advances and Applications of Fish Skin Pigmentation Genetics in Aquaculture

Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Square-Shaped Anhydrous Hypoxanthine Nanoplatelet Crystals with Superior Optical Properties

Agouti and BMP signaling drive a naturally occurring fate conversion of melanophores to leucophores in zebrafish

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