2019
DOI: 10.1007/s11884-019-00504-z
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Urinary Biomarkers and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

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Cited by 4 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…The prostate is an immunocompetent organ populated by T lymphocytes; however, physiological factors such as aging and OS, as well as external factors such as lifestyle and exogenous testosterone have been associated with increased inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as proinflammatory cytokines 26,30 . The degree of inflammation that occurs in BPH has been correlated with increased AR expression, DHT levels, urination and acute urinary retention 9,26 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The prostate is an immunocompetent organ populated by T lymphocytes; however, physiological factors such as aging and OS, as well as external factors such as lifestyle and exogenous testosterone have been associated with increased inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as proinflammatory cytokines 26,30 . The degree of inflammation that occurs in BPH has been correlated with increased AR expression, DHT levels, urination and acute urinary retention 9,26 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The prostate is an immunocompetent organ populated by T lymphocytes; however, physiological factors such as aging and OS, as well as external factors such as lifestyle and exogenous testosterone have been associated with increased inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as proinflammatory cytokines. 26 , 30 The degree of inflammation that occurs in BPH has been correlated with increased AR expression, DHT levels, urination and acute urinary retention. 9 , 26 On the other hand, DHT can up‐regulate the expression of the inflammatory factor TNF‐α by stimulating AR in macrophages and increasing inflammation, while inflammation is able to alter the cell proliferation/death state and generate overexpression of AR and induce activation of growth factor signalling pathways, responsible for prostatic cell proliferation and PSA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…reported relative abundance of TGF-β1 in urine with concomitant absence in serum for IFN-γ, IL-1β, suggesting interconnection of prostate and urine. 35 It was known that T helper cells (Th) play an important role in the activation or suppression of different immune system components depending on cytokine secretion. Th1 cells support immunity against tumors and infection via cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 whereas Th2 cells are the producers of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 as well as could support the humeral immune response.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Benign prostate hyperplasia, a nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland, stands as a common condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of men, particularly as they age (2,3). Recent studies have begun to unravel the complex relationship between BPH and prostatic inflammation, shedding light on how inflammatory processes within the prostate may exacerbate or influence the progression of BPH and its clinical outcomes (4). This emerging perspective is grounded in a growing body of evidence suggesting that prostatic inflammation play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of BPH (5,6).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%