Urinary Carcinoembryogenic Antigen (CEA) in the Diagnosis and Follow‐up of Bladder Carcinoma

Abstract

The level of urinary carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) was evaluated in the diagnosis and follow-up of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urinary CEA concentration, cystoscopic findings and the histopathology of an eventually resected bladder tumour were correlated in 177 cases. The sensitivity proved to be 34%, the specificity 82%. Possible correlations with sex, infection, primary tumour or recurrence, differentiation and invasion of an eventually resected tumour and influence of adjuvant therapy were also evaluated. A comparison was made with the results of other authors and different factors which may influence urinary CEA levels are discussed.

Urine carcinoembryonic antigen levels are more useful than serum levels for early detection of Bilharzial and non-Bilharzial urinary bladder carcinoma: Observations of 43 Egyptian cases

“…The simple presence of bacteria in the urine irrespective of their identity or number has no influence on urinary CEA [19]. It is the inflammation of the urothelium that is responsible for the production and release of CEA.…”

“…Regarding the tumor stage, some authors have found a correlation between it and the level of CEA in urine, the higher the stage the higher the level [3,5,23,24] However, others found no correlation [7,10,11,19,25] In this series, a definite relationship was found between the stage of malignancy and the levels of urinary CEA in the urine; the higher the stage the higher the level of CEA. On the other hand, serum CEA was in another study found to increases with increasing extent of cancer [3].…”

“…Many authors found no correlation between the grade of malignancy and urine CEA levels [1,5-7,19,25,26]. However, others have advocated that the less differentiated the tumor, the higher is the level of CEA in the urine [3].…”

Urine carcinoembryonic antigen levels are more useful than serum levels for early detection of Bilharzial and non-Bilharzial urinary bladder carcinoma: observations of 43 Egyptian cases

“…Many authors found no correlation between the grade of malignancy and urine CEA levels [1,[5][6][7]19,25,26]. However, others have advocated that the less differentiated the tumor, the higher is the level of CEA in the urine [3].…”

Evaluation of a Double-Monoclonal Radioimmunoassay for the Measurement of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in the Urine of Patients with Bladder Cancer

“…These include sex, urinary tract infection, grade and stage of tumour, previous therapy and the assay method used. Several studies have employed commercial redioimmunoassay (RIA) kits from Roche or Abbott Labo ratories, and the upper limit of normal in healthy patients has been published from 1.5 ng/ml [fraget al, 1975] to 10 ng/ml [Tailly et al, 1983]. In our previous studies the upper limit was taken as 10 pg CEA/g creatinine, corre sponding to 10 ng/ml using the Abbott EIA assay [Cooper et al, 1985], Such a wide range of results would suggest that the assays may be detecting not only CEA but also substances with CEA-like activity.…”