Urinary cell-free nucleic acid IQGAP3: a new non-invasive diagnostic marker for bladder cancer

Abstract

BackgroundThere is growing interest in developing new non-invasive diagnostic tools for bladder cancer (BC) that have better sensitivity and specificity than cystoscopy and cytology. This study examined the value of urinary cell-free nucleic acid (NA) as a diagnostic marker for BC.Material and methodsA total of 81 patients (74 BC and 7 normal controls) were used for a tissue set, and 212 patients (92 BC and 120 normal controls) were used as a urine set. Expression of tissue mRNA and urinary cell-free NAs was then examined.ResultsFour candidate genes were top-ranked in the tissue microarray. Expression levels of two of these (IQGAP3 and TOP2A) in BC tissue and urine samples from BC patients were significantly higher than those in samples from the control groups. Binary logistic regression analysis of cell-free NA levels in urine samples revealed that IQGAP3 was significantly associated with BC: PicoGreen-adjusted odds ratio (OR), 3.434; confidence interval (CI), 2.999–4.180; P<0.001; RiboGreen-adjusted OR, 2.242; CI, 1.793–2.840; P<0.001. Further analysis of IQGAP3 urinary cell-free NAs with respect to tumor invasiveness and grade also yielded a high AUC, suggesting that IQGAP3 can discriminate between BC patients and non-cancer patients with hematuria.ConclusionsLevels of IQGAP3 urinary cell-free NA in BC patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls or patients with hematuria. High levels of IQGAP3 urinary cell-free NA also reflected high expression in BC tissues. Therefore, IQGAP3 urinary cell-free NA may be a complementary diagnostic biomarker for BC.

Determination of Serum Exosomal H19 as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

“…Cystoscopy is the criterion standard for BC surveillance and has high diagnostic accuracy, but is invasive and expensive and has low patient acceptance. Therefore, there is a need for new markers to help in noninvasive detection and surveillance of BC [2,3].…”

Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Liquid Biopsies as Potential Biomarker for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review

“…Kim et al [ 50 ] selected four candidate genes for BC detection from a tissue microarray: CDC20, IQGAP3, TOP2A , and UBE2C . Levels of IQGAP3 in urine cfDNA seemed to best identify BC patients from healthy controls and patients with hematuria.…”

Urinary Markers in Bladder Cancer: An Update

“…Urine Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 C (UBE2C) mRNA levels were higher in BC patients, compared to normal and hematuria specimens ( 111 ). The expression of isoleucine glutamine motif-containing GTAase-activating proteins (IQGAP3) mRNA in urine was found higher in BC than in controls ( 112 ). Further analysis of IQGAP3, with respect to tumor invasiveness and grade also yielded a high diagnostic accuracy, suggesting that IQGAP3 can be used to discriminate BC from non-BC patients with hematuria ( 112 ).…”