Urinary Exosomes Join the Fight against Infection

Dear, James W.

doi:10.1681/asn.2014020204

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…EVs from urinary tract include renal-derived EVs and showed to carry mostly ribosomal and non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs, but also small amount of DNA and mRNAs for proteins specific to the nephron and all the genitourinary system (Miranda et al, 2010 ; Ranghino et al, 2015 ). Of note, these urinary EVs show a RNA profile comparable to that of kidney tissue, including the presence of 18S and 28S rRNA, which is normally scarcely present in cell line-derived EVs (Dear, 2014 ).…”

Section: Ev Uptake and Cargomentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Pathophysiology

Pomatto

Gai

Bussolati

et al. 2017

Front. Mol. Biosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous population of microparticles released by virtually all living cells which have been recently widely investigated in different biological fields. They are typically composed of two primary types (exosomes and microvesicles) and are recently commanding increasing attention as mediators of cellular signaling. Indeed, these vesicles can affect recipient cells by carrying and delivering complex cargos of biomolecules (including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids), protected from enzymatic degradation in the environment. Their importance has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of several organs, in particular in kidney, where different cell types secrete extracellular vesicles that mediate their communication with downstream urinary tract cells. Over the past few years, evidence has been shown that vesicles participate in kidney development and normal physiology. Moreover, EVs are widely demonstrated to be implicated in cellular signaling during renal regenerative and pathological processes. Although many EV mechanisms are still poorly understood, in particular in kidney, the discovery of their role could help to shed light on renal biological processes which are so far elusive. Lastly, extracellular vesicles secreted by renal cells gather in urine, thus becoming a great resource for disease or recovery markers and a promising non-invasive diagnostic instrument for renal disease. In the present review, we discuss the most recent findings on the role of extracellular vesicles in renal physiopathology and their potential implication in diagnosis and therapy.

show abstract

Section: Ev Uptake and Cargomentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Pathophysiology

Pomatto

Gai

Bussolati

et al. 2017

Front. Mol. Biosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because their content reflects the intracellular composition of the cell of origin, the initial interest in urinary extracellular vesicles was as a potential source of urinary bio markers 21 . The interest in urinary extracellular vesicles has now expanded beyond their role in disease prognosis or diagnosis and into the field of therapeutics 11,22,23 . Furthermore, advances are being made in our understanding of the biogenesis, purification, composition and function of extracellular vesicles, including of those in urine — a unique biofluid that can range in pH, osmolality, and composition and concentration of dispersed solutes, even within the same individual and over hours or days.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of urinary extracellular vesicles: implications for biomarker discovery

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urine is a valuable diagnostic medium and, with the discovery of urinary extracellular vesicles, is viewed as a dynamic bioactive fluid. Extracellular vesicles are lipid-enclosed structures that can be classified into three categories: exosomes, microvesicles (or ectosomes) and apoptotic bodies. This classification is based on the mechanisms by which membrane vesicles are formed: fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membranes (exosomes), budding of vesicles directly from the plasma membrane (microvesicles) or those shed from dying cells (apoptotic bodies). During their formation, urinary extracellular vesicles incorporate various cell-specific components (proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) that can be transferred to target cells. The rigour needed for comparative studies has fueled the search for optimal approaches for their isolation, purification, and characterization. RNA, the newest extracellular vesicle component to be discovered, has received substantial attention as an extracellular vesicle therapeutic, and compelling evidence suggests that ex vivo manipulation of microRNA composition may have uses in the treatment of kidney disorders. The results of these studies are building the case that urinary extracellular vesicles act as mediators of renal pathophysiology. As the field of extracellular vesicle studies is burgeoning, this Review focuses on primary data obtained from studies of human urine rather than on data from studies of laboratory animals or cultured immortalized cells.

show abstract