Urinary lead as a possible surrogate of blood lead among workers occupationally exposed to lead

Fukui, Yoshinari; Miki, Mieko; Ukai, Hiroshi; Okamoto, Susumu; Takada, Shiro; Higashikawa, Kae; Ikeda, Masayuki

doi:10.1007/s004200050409

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Men were mostly engaged in lead powder and lead pole plate production in storage battery works, but a few served in secondary lead smelters 15) . Women were either in lead battery assembly lines or in soldering work.…”

Section: Subjects Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lead Level to Induce Significant Increase in Urinary .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid Level among Lead-Exposed Workers. A Statistical Approach.

et al. 2000

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The present study was initiated to examine the quantitative relationship between blood lead (Pb-B) and urinary δ δ δ δ δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U) among Pb-exposed workers, and to find a threshold Pb-B level to induce an increase in ALA-U. For this purpose, pairs of venous blood and spot urine samples were collected from 8,274 men and 5,856 women (14,130 workers in total) who were occupationally exposed to inorganic lead. The blood and urine samples were analyzed for Pb-B and ALA-U by atomic absorption spectrometry and colorimetry, respectively, and the correlation between pairs of measures were subjected to statistical analysis. The assumption of the 3rd degree regression for correlation gave a substantially greater correlation coefficient (0.645 for men and 0.619 for women) than 1st or 2nd degree regression, whereas only very small improvement in the coefficient was achieved with 4th to 6th degree ones. Logarithmic conversion of the parameters was not effective in improving the correlation. The assumption of the 3rd degree regression followed by calculation of the local minimum gave 22, 29 and 23 µg/100 ml Pb-B for men, women, and men+women, respectively, as the threshold Pb-B to induce ALA-U increase. Pb-B to elevate ALA-U to the 95% upper normal limit (8 mg/l, common to men and women) was 62, 50 and 58 µg/100 ml for men, women and men+women, respectively. The validity of the 3rd degree regression assumption as a tool to calculate a threshold from experimental or epidemiological data is discussed.

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Section: Subjects Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lead Level to Induce Significant Increase in Urinary .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid Level among Lead-Exposed Workers. A Statistical Approach.

et al. 2000

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“…Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa para as correlações entre Pb-U e Pb-S estão de acordo com aqueles relatados em outros estudos realizados com crianças e adultos expostos ambiental e ocupacionalmente ao chumbo 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24 . Um estudo sobre mulheres e crianças expostas ambientalmente encontrou uma relação linear pobre entre os dois indicadores pesquisados, particularmente nas faixas mais baixas de exposição 17 .…”

Section: Materiais Reagentes E Amostrasunclassified

“…Resultado semelhante (r = 0,824; p < 0,01) foi encontrado em outra pesquisa realizada com população ocupacionalmente exposta, que sugere o uso de Pb-U como uma boa alternativa ao Pb-S, com base em grupos. No entanto, adverte que essa correlação não foi próxima o suficiente para permitir a predição de Pb-S em bases individuais 18 . Hirata et al 21 constataram que Pb-S e Pb-U se correlacionavam significativamente em trabalhadores expostos ao chumbo, porém o coeficiente de correlação entre a concentração do metal na urina e no plasma foi sempre maior do que aquele entre urina e sangue em qualquer nível de exposição.…”

Section: Materiais Reagentes E Amostrasunclassified

“…Embora existam inúmeros estudos sobre a contaminação por chumbo 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24 , poucos são aqueles que descrevem as relações entre o metal no sangue e na urina 8,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24 . Uma revisão sobre biomarcadores de exposição ao chumbo relata a existência de correlação não linear entre esses dois indicadores biológicos 8 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Uma revisão sobre biomarcadores de exposição ao chumbo relata a existência de correlação não linear entre esses dois indicadores biológicos 8 . Por outro lado, pesquisas com trabalhadores expostos a esse elemento encontram forte correlação entre o chumbo no sangue e na urina 16,18,21 . No caso de exposição ambiental, o Pb-U não pode ser usado em substituição ao Pb-S de acordo com os resultados de estudos realizados com a população em geral 17,19,22 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Uso do chumbo em urina como indicador de exposição e sua relação com chumbo no sangue

Moreira

Neves

2008

Cad. Saúde Pública

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se há correlação estatisticamente significativa entre as concentrações de chumbo no sangue (Pb-S) e urina (Pb-U). A espectrometria de absorção atômica eletrotérmica foi utilizada na determinação da concentração de chumbo no material biológico. As amostras de sangue e de urina foram coletadas entre trabalhadores expostos ocupacionalmente (95) e entre adultos (130) e crianças até 15 anos (22) expostos ambientalmente. Após um teste que mostrou diferenças significativas entre Pb-U e as três categorias previamente determinadas, pontos de corte em Pb-U puderam ser fixados para a predição dos valores de Pb-S pela curva ROC. Assim, para Pb-U até 0,55 µg.dL-1, pode-se esperar que Pb-S seja menor do que 10 µg.dL-1, ao passo que níveis de chumbo no sangue até 27,6 µg.dL-1 são esperados quando o teor do metal na urina é menor do que 2,05 µg.dL-1. Logo, a urina pode ser utilizada em substituição ao sangue para avaliação da exposição ocupacional ao chumbo. Contudo, recomenda-se cautela no caso da exposição ambiental, devendo-se utilizar o chumbo urinário como uma estimativa do conteúdo do metal no sangue.

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Impact of modernization on urinary concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium in rural residents of Northern Laos

Mizuno

Masuoka

Kibe

et al. 2021

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: The impacts of modernization on toxic heavy metal exposure and essential trace element intake in indigenous populations of subsistence societies are unknown. We assessed urinary trace element concentrations in rural residents of Northern Laos and examined associations with levels of modernization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted comprising 380 residents of three villages in Northern Laos with different levels of modernization. We surveyed general characteristics and measured the weight and height of 341 participants. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium concentrations were measured in spot urine samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We examined associations between urinary trace element concentrations and variables related to modernization (village, roofing material, possessions index [total number of possessions], and body mass index [BMI]) using multilevel analyses with household as a random effect, after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status. Results: Urinary concentrations of arsenic and cadmium were high, while those of lead and selenium were low in comparison to previous reports of populations in non-contaminated regions or without excess/deficiency. We observed associations between urinary trace element concentrations and village-level modernization: lead and selenium concentrations were higher in more modernized villages and cadmium concentration was highest in the least modernized village. Urinary arsenic concentration was not predicted by the modernization level of a village, although we observed significant differences among villages. In addition, urinary selenium concentration was higher in participants inhabiting more modernized houses.Conclusion: Modernization of villages may impact toxic heavy metal exposure and selenium intake in rural residents of Northern Laos.

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Urinary lead as a possible surrogate of blood lead among workers occupationally exposed to lead

Abstract: The correlation of Pb-U with Pb-B among workers occupationally exposed to Pb was close enough to suggest that Pb-U may be a good alternative to Pb-B on a group basis, but not close enough to allow Pb-U to predict Pb-B on an individual basis.

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Blood Lead Level to Induce Significant Increase in Urinary .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid Level among Lead-Exposed Workers. A Statistical Approach.

Blood Lead Level to Induce Significant Increase in Urinary .DELTA.-Aminolevulinic Acid Level among Lead-Exposed Workers. A Statistical Approach.

Uso do chumbo em urina como indicador de exposição e sua relação com chumbo no sangue

Impact of modernization on urinary concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium in rural residents of Northern Laos

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