Urinary screening and urinary abnormalities in 3‐year‐old children in Japan

Abstract

In Japan, urinary screening for preschool children has been obligatory since 1961. The system was reconsidered and has been under review since 2012, because many problems in the system had been identified, and its usefulness was uncertain. In the process, the following were analyzed: (i) frequency of urinary abnormalities identified on screening; (ii) diseases identified from urinary abnormalities; (iii) clinical course of children found to have urinary abnormalities; and (iv) screening for asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) as a way of screening for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. A computerized literature search was conducted, and study reports issued by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare study group, and data of Akita City and Chiba City were reviewed. The prevalence of abnormal results at the first urinalysis was high, but at the second urinalysis the prevalence decreased in the range 1/6-1/20. The prevalence of tentative diagnosis at the third urinalysis was similar to the school urinary screening results. Serious illness was not found in children who had hematuria alone. In contrast, diseases requiring immediate attention were found in children with proteinuria, although the prevalence of proteinuria was not high. The dipstick method for leukocyturia was inefficient. The importance of two consecutive urinalyses before detailed examination, the lack of usefulness of screening for hematuria in 3-year-old children, and the importance of proteinuria were confirmed. Screening for asymptomatic UTI using urinary leukocytes was very inefficient.

Prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hematuria and proteinuria amongst healthy adolescents living in Western Saudi Arabia

“…On the other hand, immediate attention should be given to children with proteinuria as it usually reflects diseases requiring intervention. 10 Positive urine dipsticks for proteinuria should be confirmed by laboratory measurement of urine protein to creatinine ratio. 11 There is once again a scarceness in the number of studies carried out in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regarding the prevalence of pediatric hematuria as there are only 2.…”

Single-stage urethroplasty: An eight-year single-centre experience and its associated factors for urethrocutaneous fistula

“…The study by Yanagahira reported that false positives are common in leucocyturia examination using a dipstick. 24 Another study reported that postoperative bacteriuria was a common phenomenon found in up to 51% cases, and thus broad-spectrum prophylaxis and postoperative antibiotics were recommended in order to decrease the risk of UTI which may contribute to fistula formation. 23 Other studies reported that pre-and postoperative positive swab results may contribute to wound infection and suggested antibiotic therapy based on the preoperative perimeatal swab.…”

Hematuria en la niñez: revisión sistemática cualitativa

“…El tratamiento y pronóstico de la hematuria depende de la causa desencadenante del proceso primario. El pronóstico de la hematuria en la niñez es benigno en un alto porcentaje, sobre todo en los preescolares, en los cuales se ha demostrado que presentan hematuria en el primer examen de orina en el 8,2% de los casos y en el tercer uroanálisis de confirmación esta prevalencia disminuye al 0,5% [28]. En otras poblaciones el porcentaje de hematuria significativa en la primera muestra ha sido tan solo del 0,8% [52].…”