Urine dipstick as a screening test for urinary tract infection

Antwi, Sampson; Bates, Imelda; Baffoe-Bonnie, Ben; Critchley, Julia

doi:10.1179/146532808x302134

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…9 Negative predictive value is 19% which is much lower as compared to other studies (Table 6). 8,9,12 E. coli was the commonest organism found in our study followed by Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas which is comparable to other studies. 17,18 Rate of isolation of E. coli was found to be 59% which is comparable to other studies (47%-89%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…9 Antwi et al found the highest sensitivity of 96.7%, whereas Huysal et al observed sensitivity of 33.8%. 8,12 Specificity for LE was only 25%, which is relatively lower than the observations made by others. [7][8][9]12,13 Positive predictive value is 69%, which is more as compared to that of Daghistani et al (44%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…8 Rest of the studies observed sensitivity above 50% with nitrite test. 9,[11][12][13] In this study, the specificity is 31%, which is lowest as compared to other studies. [7][8][9]12,13 Huysal et al attained a specificity of 99.3%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…9,[11][12][13] In this study, the specificity is 31%, which is lowest as compared to other studies. [7][8][9]12,13 Huysal et al attained a specificity of 99.3%. 8 Positive predictive value for nitrite test is 66% in the present study, which is comparable to that of Daghistani et al and Wammanda et al 9,10 However, the negative predictive value is only 18.5% in the present study, unlike in Daghistani et al, Wammanda et al and Hida et al who showed a negative predictive value of 86.2%, 80.8% and 89.9% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Urinary tract infection in children: clinical aspects and utility of urine dipstick test

Mod¹,

Jeeyani²,

Shah³

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common genitourinary disease in children and accounts for significant morbidity. To prevent the potentially dangerous sequel, early detection of UTI in childhood is essential. This depends entirely on strong clinical suspicion and urine culture report. Recently, advances in investigations are taking place to diagnose UTI rapidly. Urine dipstick is one such bedside method to diagnose UTI. This study aims at studying the clinical features of UTI and evaluating sensitivity and specificity of urine dipstick in diagnosing UTI.Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara from January 2013 to June 2014, on 60 children admitted with clinical suspicion of urinary tract infection. Along with study of clinical features, results of urine dipstick tests (Nitrite and Leukocyte esterase), urine microscopy and urine culture were compared. Accuracy of urine dipstick tests was assessed statistically by evaluating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values considering urine culture as a gold standard.Results: Fever was found to be the most common presenting features (53%) in all the patients studied. The sensitivity of urine microscopy, Nitrite test and Leucocyte esterase test was 63.5%, 50% and 61% and specificity was 25%, 31% and 25% respectively. Combination of Nitrite and Leucocyte Esterase test had an improved sensitivity (68%).Conclusions: Urinary tract infection can present with variety of non-specific signs and symptoms especially in younger age. Dipstick test using Leucocyte Esterase and Nitrite together is better than urine microscopic examination alone. Urine culture as a confirmatory test still remains gold standard.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Urinary tract infection in children: clinical aspects and utility of urine dipstick test

Mod¹,

Jeeyani²,

Shah³

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…We evaluated LTF detection in clinical urine samples using the electrochemical biosensor. Pyuria, or the presence of WBC’s in urine, has long been established as a UTI marker (Antwi et al 2008; Hiraoka et al 1995). As one of the proteins secreted by the WBC’s, LTF has antimicrobial properties and competes with pathogens for scavenging of iron, which is important for pathogen survival (Farnaud and Evans 2003; Ward et al 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical immunosensor detection of urinary lactoferrin in clinical samples for urinary tract infection diagnosis

Pan

Sonn

Sin

et al. 2010

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

102

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Urine is the most abundant and easily accessible of all body fluids and provides an ideal route for non-invasive diagnosis of human diseases, particularly of the urinary tract. Electrochemical biosensors are well suited for urinary diagnostics due to their excellent sensitivity, low cost, and ability to detect a wide variety of target molecules including nucleic acids and protein biomarkers. We report the development of an electrochemical immunosensor for direct detection of the urinary tract infection (UTI) biomarker lactoferrin from infected clinical samples. An electrochemical biosensor array with alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was used. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the mixed SAM, consisted of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 6-mercapto-1-hexanol. A sandwich amperometric immunoassay was developed for detection of lactoferrin from urine, with a detection limit of 145 pg/ml. We validated lactoferrin as a biomarker of pyuria (presence of white blood cells in urine), an important hallmark of UTI, in 111 patient-derived urine samples. Finally, we demonstrated multiplex detection of urinary pathogens and lactoferrin through simultaneous detection of bacterial nucleic acid (16S rRNA) and host immune-response protein (lactoferrin) on a single sensor array. Our results represent first integrated sensor platform capable of quantitative pathogen identification and measurement of host immune response, potentially providing clinical diagnosis that is not only more expeditious but more informative than the current standard.

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Bacterial drug-resistance patterns and genetic diversity of bacteria-associated bacteriuria in diabetic patients in Ghana

et al. 2021

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Urine dipstick as a screening test for urinary tract infection

Abstract: Urine dipstick should be promoted as a screening test for UTI. First-line use of cotrimoxazole and ampicillin for UTI should be reviewed.

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Urinary tract infection in children: clinical aspects and utility of urine dipstick test

Urinary tract infection in children: clinical aspects and utility of urine dipstick test

Electrochemical immunosensor detection of urinary lactoferrin in clinical samples for urinary tract infection diagnosis

Bacterial drug-resistance patterns and genetic diversity of bacteria-associated bacteriuria in diabetic patients in Ghana

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